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What are Osteoblasts?

Osteoblasts are the cells required for bone synthesis and mineralization, both during the initial formation of bone and during bone remodelling.

18 Jun 2018

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a relapsing inflammatory joint condition associated with psoriasis that affects about 1-3% of the world overall, but with widely varying incidences in different populations. It is a severe and sometimes debilitating complication of psoriasis.

18 Jun 2018

Psoriatic Arthritis Management

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory form of arthritis that affects 5-25% of patients afflicted by the skin condition psoriasis. In almost 60% of PsA cases, it presents in a few joints (1-4) but becomes polyarticular as the disease progresses. Polyarthritis affects both sides symmetrically and in one out of three PsA patients, it is often associated with dactylitis and enthesopathy.

18 Jun 2018

Adoptive T Cell Therapy Applications

Adoptive T cell therapy is a promising type of immunological treatment that utilizes the immune system to fight diseases such as cancer.

18 Jun 2018

Adoptive T Cell Therapy Methodology

Adoptive T cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that has the ability to target cancer cells through inherent mechanisms of the immune system.

17 Jun 2018

CTLA-4 and Cancer

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an immunogenic protein receptor that is expressed almost exclusively on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of these cells and by binding to CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), it blocks co-stimulation between T cells and APCs.

17 Jun 2018

Psoriatic Arthritis Signs and Symptoms

Psoriasis is a relapsing chronic inflammatory condition of the skin, which manifests itself in other areas such as the synovial membranes and soft tissues around many joints, eyes, heart, and blood vessels. Damage to the synovial membranes that protect the joints leads to arthritis in 5-25% patients with psoriasis.

17 Jun 2018

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD1) and Cancer

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) when coupled with its ligands programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), functions as a ‘braking system’ within the immune system.

17 Jun 2018

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a protein receptor and an immunogenic checkpoint that functions as a down-regulator of immune system responses. The gene responsible for encoding this protein is found on chromosome 2 in humans.

15 Jun 2018

Myc Mutations and Cancer

Myc is one of the most frequently mutated, widely studied, and overexpressed genes implicated in cancer.

15 Jun 2018

Ferroptosis as a Treatment for Human Disease

Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of cell death caused by accumulation of lipid peroxides. Studies have linked this form of cell death with a role in suppressing tumorigenesis within the human body.

15 Jun 2018

Epigenetics for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune disease which affects the myelin sheath surrounding the axon, causing axonal degeneration and neuronal loss.

15 Jun 2018

Metabolomics in Organ Transplantation

Organ transplantation is often a recommended way out for many end-stage diseases.

15 Jun 2018

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD1)

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a protein that is preferentially expressed in the body’s immune B, T, and NK cells.

15 Jun 2018

Genetic Testing and Personalized Medicines

Traditional medical practice often applies the same treatments to all patients with the same disease, regardless of genetics and other contributing factors. However, this has many limitations as there are copious factors which contribute to disease, all which affect the effectiveness and safety of drugs.

15 Jun 2018

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that usually starts around the age of 65 years.

14 Jun 2018

What is CDK9?

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the CDK family, which is a very important group of proteins involved in the control of the cell cycle. CDKs may be classified as multifunctional enzymes with the capacity for protein-substrate modifications that can allow or inhibit cell cycle progression.

13 Jun 2018

CDK9 and Cancer

An important group of proteins responsible for cell cycle regulation are known as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and one member of this family is CDK9.

13 Jun 2018

pH in the Human Body

The pH of the human body lies in a tight range between 7.35-7.45, and any minor alterations from this range can have severe implications.

13 Jun 2018

Alzheimer's and Veganism

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. It is the most common cause of dementia in elderly population, and is among the leading causes of death globally. Formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain are two most common characteristic features of AD.

13 Jun 2018