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HIV in Children

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that destroys the immune system by attacking white blood cells.

22 Nov 2016

Headaches are very common among children and are not usually a sign of a serious underlying condition. The headaches are often caused by stress, anxiety, depression, lifestyle, minor head trauma and common illnesses such as colds, flu and ear infections. The headaches can usually be treated with over-the-counter medications and lifestyle changes.

20 Nov 2016

Papules, Pustules and Nodules

Acne is an inflammatory skin problem which occurs at many ages and in both sexes. It is most common, however, during adolescence, and is thought to be due to the fluctuating hormone levels at this time, which affect sebum production and recycling. It is mediated by many inflammatory chemicals, including lipids and cytokines. When bacterial infection is superimposed on this phenomenon, other mediators are released which aggravate the condition.

20 Nov 2016

What Causes Lead Poisoning?

Lead is a toxic metal that occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust, but its use in activities such as mining, smelting and the burning of fossil fuels has contaminated the environment, leading to human exposure and public health problems in various parts of the world. Lead is also a key component in paint, pigments, gasoline, ammunition, batteries, stained glass, solder, roofing materials and some cosmetics and medicines.

20 Nov 2016

Hepatitis B Immunization

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a cause of liver disease. In some cases, HBV can be a short-lived, acute infection, but in others it can become a life-long, chronic condition and lead to cirrhosis of the liver, cancer of the liver, liver failure and death.

20 Nov 2016

Hepatitis A Immunization

Hepatitis A is a liver condition caused by the highly contagious hepatitis A virus. It can infect anyone and the usual route of transmission is fecal-to-oral, either through contact with food or water contaminated with infected feces or through contact with an infected person. Cooked food is safe to eat, so long as the temperature it is cooked at is high enough to kill the virus. However, food may still be contaminated if an infected individual has handled it.

20 Nov 2016

Home Care for Croup

Most cases of croup are not severe and resolve spontaneously within 3-5 days. For these children, comfort and care in the home are the most important factors until the symptoms settle. While there is no indication for a specific treatment, there are various techniques that can be carried out at home to increase the comfort of the affected child.

20 Nov 2016

Adult Acne - Skin Disorders

Acne is a skin disorder which involves the pilosebaceous units of the skin. These consist of a hair follicle, which gives rise to skin hairs, and the attached sebaceous gland, which produces sebum.

20 Nov 2016

Future Treatments for Corneal Disorders

The avascular cornea is the curved and transparent window at the front of the eye. It provides the majority of the focus for light entering the eye to produce an image on the retina. Because the cornea is so important for forming an image, any change in corneal shape (astigmatism) or opacity has a major impact on the quality of vision.

18 Nov 2016

Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment

The most common form of primary glomerular scaring is focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Segments of the glomeruli scattered throughout the kidney are typically affected and this is caused by either a systemic condition or an idiopathic or unknown factor.

18 Nov 2016

Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis Classification and Causes

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is the most common form of primary glomerular scarring. It typically involves segments of scattered glomeruli throughout the kidney and only few glomeruli are affected earlier during the course of the disease process.

18 Nov 2016

Depression in children

Depression in children is a mood disorder that affects a small, but significant proportion of both young children and adolescents. Up to 8 percent of teenagers and 2 percent of preadolescents are hit by this condition.

18 Nov 2016

Green Nail Syndrome - Chloronychia

Green nail syndrome is found in a disorder caused by the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the nail. It usually occurs when the hands are exposed to a moist environment on a long-term basis. It is usually found in association with chronic non-tender paronychia, manifested as thickening of the proximal nail fold without pain or tenderness. In addition, onycholysis of the distal and lateral parts of the nail plate is observed.

18 Nov 2016

Yellow Nail Syndrome

Nail abnormalities are often pointers to various systemic illnesses as well as local conditions. These manifest as changes in the color, shape and growth pattern of the nails. One of these is the yellow nail syndrome.

18 Nov 2016

Hürthle Cell Thyroid Cancer

Hürthle cell thyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer that involves abnormal cell growth originating in the thyroid gland and accounts for approximately 4% of cases of thyroid cancer. It is similar in some respects to follicular thyroid cancer, although they have a different appearance when examined under a microscope.

17 Nov 2016

Anencephaly - Abnormal Development of Brain and Skull

At every stage of fetus development in a pregnancy, care needs to be taken to monitor the growth of the baby. The neural tube plays an important role in the development of the fetus. As the fetus develops, the upper part of the neural tube forms the brain and skull, while the lower part becomes the spinal cord and backbone. Possible birth defects related to the neural tube may form in the fetus during the first month of pregnancy. The two most common birth defects related to the neural tube include spina bifida and anencephaly.

17 Nov 2016

Types of Spots, Pimples

Spots erupting on the face or, less commonly, on other parts of the body, are medically called acne vulgaris, or just acne. Acne is a physiological disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin. These units consist of a hair follicle and a sebaceous gland and are most numerous over the face, the chest, and the upper back. These are therefore the sites of acne in most patients.

17 Nov 2016

Acne Research

Acne is the most common skin disorder, with its highest prevalence in teenage hood and early adult years. It affects 80% of teenagers and adolescents, but is usually mild to moderate in its degree of severity. The physical consequences of acne are mostly minor, but it carries a risk of poor self-esteem and psychological distress which may not be seen as medically significant when considering its impact. Fortunately, these concerns are becoming increasingly recognized today.

17 Nov 2016

Acne and Self-Esteem

Acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin which causes breakouts, or spots, to appear on the body. The most common sites of acne are the face, the neck, the upper chest and back, and the shoulders.

17 Nov 2016

Acne and Make-Up

Acne is the most common skin condition to affect human beings. It is a disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin, which includes the hair follicle with its canal, and the attached sebaceous gland.

17 Nov 2016