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Autosomal Dominant vs Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) exists in two variants, which are inherited in different ways, named autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) as opposed to autosomal recessive (ARPKD). Apart from this obvious difference in the pattern of inheritance, these behave like quite different diseases.

2 Aug 2016

Genetics of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is caused by mutations in the genome, mostly inherited (90%) but occasionally sporadic.

2 Aug 2016

Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Treatment of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) depends on the extent of cyst formation and other associated conditions.

2 Aug 2016

Complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, depending on the genetic pattern. The complications are similar in many respects, but the time of onset, the severity and the associated risks are different.

2 Aug 2016

Diagnosis of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

The diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease depends upon the clinical findings and the imaging results.

2 Aug 2016

Signs and Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) may be of the autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive (ARPKD) form. In both cases, the symptoms and signs occur as a result of renal enlargement and/or cystic replacement of functional renal tissue, leading to renal insufficiency or dysfunction.

1 Aug 2016

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Overview

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary condition in which the kidneys develop multiple cysts. This leads to renal enlargement, distortion of the normal structure of the kidneys and functional impairment.

1 Aug 2016

How to Manage Dog Allergies

Allergic reactions to the domestic dog (Canis familaris) give rise to symptoms such as conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and asthma. Dogs secrete various proteins that end up in their saliva, urine, and dander (dead skin) – the most pertinent one being dog allergen known as Can f 1.

1 Aug 2016

Hysterectomy Complications

A hysterectomy is largely a low-risk surgical procedure. The most common complications of hysterectomy may be classified as follows ...

1 Aug 2016

Side Effects Following a Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a major procedure in which a woman’s uterus is removed from the pelvis.

1 Aug 2016

Hysterectomy Recovery

Following a hysterectomy, It is normal to wake up to some pain and you may also feel some nausea. You will be prescribed medications to help relieve these symptoms. You may notice that there is a dressing placed over your abdominal wounds if you had an abdominal hysterectomy.

1 Aug 2016

Surgical Menopause

Menopause is defined as the cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods for more than 12 consecutive months and is due to the non-functioning of her ovaries. It may occur spontaneously, the average age of onset being 51 years. However, it may also occur following surgery or cancer treatment.

1 Aug 2016

What is Pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines or crude drugs produced from natural sources such as plants, microbes, and animals. It includes analysis of their biological, chemical, biochemical, and physical properties.

1 Aug 2016

Periductal Mastitits and Mammary Duct Ectasia: Similarities and Differences

Today there is insufficient awareness among the physicians about the benign breast conditions such as mammary duct ectasia and periductal mastitis, both causing nipple discharge. Not only those two entities can ring a false alarm of malignancy, they are also considered the second most common cause of benign diseases of the breast.

1 Aug 2016

Periductal Mastitis

Periductal mastitis is a condition where lactiferous ducts in the breast are distended and filled with amorphous eosinophilic material and foam cells, with concomitant presence of severe periductal chronic inflammation. In the literature, it is also found under synonyms such as mastitis obliterans, plasma cell mastitis, or comedomastitis.

1 Aug 2016

IgA Nephropathy / Berger's Disease

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as Berger’s disease, is the leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis all over the world. It is autoimmune in origin, characterized by the stimulation of genetically determined formation of concentration of IgA1 with galactose-deficient O-glycans in the hinge-region (Hit 1) in the blood. These stimulate anti-glycan antibody production, followed by binding with the aberrantly glycated IgA1.

1 Aug 2016

Dumping Syndrome Treatment

Dumping syndrome (DS) occurs when largely undigested foods, especially sugar, transits relatively fast from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum. This presents with many complications such as nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, tachycardia and changes in consciousness. These arise as a result of the osmotically active food particles causing a fluid shift from the intravascular compartment to the intestinal lumen.

1 Aug 2016

Dumping Syndrome Symptoms and Causes

Dumping syndrome is a known problem for persons who have undergone gastric, esophageal or bariatric surgeries. It is believed to as a direct consequence of the rapid transit of large osmotically active food particles into the lumen of the small intestine. It is estimated that up to 1 in 5 people who have had parts of their stomach surgically removed develop the condition.

1 Aug 2016

Dumping Syndrome Diagnosis

Dumping syndrome (DS) can be classified as early dumping syndrome (EDS) or late dumping syndrome (LDS) based on the timing of the symptoms after eating. It is a condition that is seen in up to 20% of individuals who undergo gastric, bariatric or esophageal surgeries.

1 Aug 2016

What is Dumping Syndrome?

Dumping syndrome is a condition where largely undigested foods rapidly bypass the stomach and proceed or get “dumped” into the small intestine. This is a common phenomenon seen in those who have undergone gastric, esophageal or bariatric surgery.

1 Aug 2016