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What is Immunophenotyping?

Immunophenotyping is a test used to identify cells on the basis of the types of markers or antigens present on the cell’s surface, nucleus, or cytoplasm. This technique helps identify the lineage of cells using antibodies that detect markers or antigens on the cells, hence the “immuno-” prefix.

1 Aug 2016

Heimlich Maneuver / Abdominal Thrusts?

Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts is a technique used to relieve choking victims. The aim of the procedure is to dislodge a foreign object that is blocking the airway of the victim. It is named after the physician Henry J Heimlich who invented the technique in the 1970s.

1 Aug 2016

Hip Dysplasia in Children

Hip dysplasia in children and babies is a condition where the “ball-and-socket” hip joint is not properly formed.

29 Jul 2016

Anal Fissures Treatment

Most cases of anal fissure heal spontaneously within a few weeks, without requiring treatment. However, some individuals may be affected by a chronic anal fissure that continues to plague them for six weeks or more.

29 Jul 2016

Anal Fissures Causes

An anal fissure involves stretching and tearing of the rim of the anus. It may result from several possible causes, or present in various circumstances.

29 Jul 2016

What is an Anal Fissure?

An anal fissure is a tear or ulcer in the lining of the anal canal, the final part of the large intestine, starting from the rectum above and ending at the anal orifice. Anal fissures are relatively common, and are estimated to affect 1 in 10 people at some point throughout their lifetime.

29 Jul 2016

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Also known as acute renal failure, acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the sudden loss of excretory kidney function. It is evidenced by the accumulation of toxic metabolic products (urea and creatinine) in the body, by a reduction in the volume of urine not due to extra renal problems or both.

29 Jul 2016

Hyponatremia Research

Hyponatremia refers to an abnormally low level of the electrolyte sodium (salt) in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps regulate the amount of water within and around cells in the body.

26 Jul 2016

Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer

Evaluation of the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes is part of the surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is also vital to the staging of lung cancer, which determines the need for adjuvant chemotherapy to improve survival odds in certain stages of NSCLC. Lymph nodes are evaluated according to the AJCC staging system.

26 Jul 2016

Drug Eruptions

Drug eruptions are adverse skin reactions to drugs that occur in about 3% of hospitalized people. They may resemble skin diseases very closely but generally fade away when the drug is withdrawn.

26 Jul 2016

Epidemiology of Lung Cancer

The incidence of lung cancer in the 20th century has largely mirrored the rise and fall in cigarette smoking. The risk of lung cancer in smokers is ten times that of non-smokers. However, the incidence is expected to plateau in the next few decades because of a fall in the number of smokers.

26 Jul 2016

Can Choir Singing Improve Health?

Singing in a choir is a group activity which has been among the many group interventions studied for their positive effects on people under stress. These groups could include cancer patients, those who provide care for cancer-affected people, and those who have lost a loved one to cancer recently.

26 Jul 2016

Eosinophilia Treatment

Eosinophilia is a disorder that may arise from a number of etiologies. Thus the first task in treatment is to find out whether the condition is primary or secondary. Secondary eosinophilia is due to parasitic infection or drug hypersensitivity in the majority of cases.

25 Jul 2016

Eosinophilia Tests and Diagnosis

Eosinophilia refers to an absolute peripheral blood eosinophil count of over 500/µL. With such a finding, a step-by-step diagnostic evaluation is required.

25 Jul 2016

What Causes Eosinophilia?

Eosinophilia is classified as primary or secondary, in addition to the hypereosinophilic syndromes.

25 Jul 2016

What is Eosinophilia?

Eosinophils are a type of blood cells which helps to fight off certain infections and participates in the body’s immune reactions. Eosinophilia is a condition in which the peripheral blood contains an excessive number of eosinophils, more than 500/µL. It may be classified into mild (500-1500/µL); moderate (1500-5000/µL); and severe (over 5000/µL) eosinophilia.

25 Jul 2016

The Loop of Henle

The human kidney is made up of about a million nephrons, the filtering units of this complex and highly vascular organ. Each nephron is composed of a highly coiled tubule, one end of which forms a cup-shaped structure. Inside this cup and forming a network around its walls, is a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus, with a special fenestrated basement membrane.

25 Jul 2016

Obstructive Nephropathy - Uropathy

Obstructive nephropathy, also know as uropathy, refers to the syndrome caused by urinary tract obstruction, either functional or anatomic. It includes urinary tract dilatation, impedance and the resulting slowing of urine flow, change in the pressure inside the kidney tubular system and impaired kidney function. Blockage to the flow of urine leads to hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

25 Jul 2016

Why can Uncertainty Cause Stress?

Uncertainty about the future makes us less capable of coping with negative events when they happen. It also disables us from taking effective and efficient steps to avoid them. This negative reaction is actually a maladaptation of the intrinsic ability of the human brain to predict the future, based on knowledge and past experience.

25 Jul 2016

Premature Breast Enlargement (Premature Thelarche)

Premature breast enlargement, or premature thelarche, is the enlargement of breasts in girls at an abnormally early age, usually somewhere between birth and six years of age.

25 Jul 2016