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Sister stem cells display considerable differences despite having identical DNA

Scientists have used a brand new technique for examining individual stem cells to uncover dramatic differences in the gene expression levels - which genes are turned 'up' or 'down'- between apparently identical 'sister' pairs.

27 Sep 2013

Dynamics of the mitochondria linked to obesity

Becoming obese or remaining lean can depend on the dynamics of the mitochondria, the body's energy-producing "battery," according to two new studies by Yale School of Medicine researchers featured as the cover story in the Sept. 26 issue of the journal Cell.

27 Sep 2013

Length of telomere may help determine prostate cancer patient's prognosis

Like the plastic caps at the end of shoelaces, telomeres protect — in their case — the interior-gene containing parts of chromosomes that carry a cell's instructional material. Cancer cells are known to have short telomeres, but just how short they are from cancer cell to cancer cell may be a determining factor in a prostate cancer patient's prognosis, according to a study led by Johns Hopkins scientists.

27 Sep 2013

Researchers make progress in understanding traits and processes that influence fertilization success

Female promiscuity-something that occurs in a majority of species, including humans-results in the ejaculates from two or more males overlapping within her reproductive tract. When this happens, sperm compete for fertilization of the female's eggs. In addition, the female has the opportunity to bias fertilization of her eggs in favor of one male's sperm over others.

27 Sep 2013

Genomic instability in CFS is associated with less favorable outcome in patients with CaP

Detailed evaluation of a prostate cancer tumor biopsy may predict treatment outcomes for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) or surgery for prostate cancer, according to research presented today at the American Society for Radiation Oncology's (ASTRO's) 55th Annual Meeting.

27 Sep 2013

Scientists unravel secrets of mechanism that snips our genes

Certain diseases such as cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are linked to genetic mutations that damage the important biological process of rearranging gene sequences in pre-messenger RNA, a procedure called RNA splicing.

27 Sep 2013

New imaging technique reveals first 3D pictures of chromosome structure

A new method for visualising chromosomes is painting a truer picture of their shape, which is rarely like the X-shaped blob of DNA most of us are familiar with.

27 Sep 2013

Optic flow enables perception despite blur image

Blurred images that are unidentifiable as still pictures become understandable once the images are set in motion. That's because of a phenomenon called "optic flow"—which may be especially relevant as a source of visual information in people with low vision, reports a study 'With an Eye to Low Vision: Optic Flow Enables Perception Despite Image Blur' in the October issue of Optometry and Vision Science official journal of the American Academy of Optometry.

27 Sep 2013

Study indicates that RNA translation is dictated by translational hotspots

Protein synthesis in the extensions of nerve cells, called dendrites, underlies long-term memory formation in the brain, among other functions. "Thousands of messenger RNAs reside in dendrites, yet the dynamics of how multiple dendrite messenger RNAs translate into their final proteins remain elusive," says James Eberwine, PhD, professor of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and co-director of the Penn Genome Frontiers Institute.

27 Sep 2013

Genes in mitochondria shape each person's risk for heart disease and diabetes

Genes in mitochondria, the "powerhouses" that turn sugar into energy in human cells, shape each person's risk for heart disease and diabetes, according to a study published recently by researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in the Biochemical Journal.

27 Sep 2013

Scientists discover critical regulator for directing pluripotent stem cells to make blood-forming stem cells

Stem cell scientists have moved one step closer to producing blood-forming stem cells in a Petri dish by identifying a key regulator controlling their formation in the early embryo, shows research published online today in Cell.

27 Sep 2013

Intestinal mucus potentially improves life of people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease

Researchers at Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions M-diques (IMIM) in Barcelona, in collaboration with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York and other U.S. Institutions, have found that intestinal mucus not only acts as a physical barrier against commensal bacteria and dietary antigens, but also prevents the onset of inflammatory reactions against these agents.

27 Sep 2013

Folic acid deficiency may be associated with multi-generational impact on health

Folic acid deficiency can cause severe health problems in offspring, including spina bifida, heart defects and placental abnormalities. A study out today reveals that a mutation in a gene necessary for the metabolism of folic acid not only impacts the immediate offspring but can also have detrimental health effects on the next several generations.

27 Sep 2013

TSRI scientists discover process by which special immune cells in skin help heal wounds

Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have discovered an important process by which special immune cells in the skin help heal wounds. They found that these skin-resident immune cells function as "first responders" to skin injuries in part by producing the molecule known as interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which wards off infection and promotes wound healing.

27 Sep 2013

Study shows certain brain cells play critical role in anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder

Sixty years ago scientists could electrically stimulate a region of a mouse's brain causing the mouse to eat, whether hungry or not. Now researchers from UNC School of Medicine have pinpointed the precise cellular connections responsible for triggering that behavior.

27 Sep 2013

Scientists study genetic factors involved in complex diseases

Although heavily studied, the specific genetic causes of "complex diseases," a category of disorders which includes autism, diabetes and heart disease, are largely unknown due to byzantine genetic and environmental interactions.

27 Sep 2013

'Jekyll-and-Hyde' protein could be potent target for developing new cancer drugs

The mood changes of a 'Jekyll-and-Hyde' protein, which sometimes boosts tumour cell growth and at other times suppresses it, have been explained in a new study led by Oxford University researchers.

27 Sep 2013

Experiments with neutrons show antidepressant lithium accumulates strongly in white matter of the brain

At present lithium is most popular for its use in rechargeable batteries. But for decades now, lithium has also been used to treat various psychological diseases such as depressions, manias and bipolar disorders. But, the exact biological mode of action in certain brain regions has hardly been understood. It is well known that lithium lightens moods and reduces aggression potential.

27 Sep 2013

Research on bone-derived hormone could lead to new treatments for memory loss, depression

Researchers from Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) have found that the skeleton, acting through the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin, exerts a powerful influence on prenatal brain development and cognitive functions such as learning, memory, anxiety, and depression in adult mice.

27 Sep 2013

Ampio Pharmaceuticals announces financing transaction of $25 million

Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE MKT: AMPE) today announced a financing transaction that will provide $25 million in gross proceeds to the Company. The financing is a registered direct placement of common stock of the Company.

26 Sep 2013

Medical Science News

Sister stem cells display considerable differences despite having identical DNA

Dynamics of the mitochondria linked to obesity

Length of telomere may help determine prostate cancer patient's prognosis

Researchers make progress in understanding traits and processes that influence fertilization success

Genomic instability in CFS is associated with less favorable outcome in patients with CaP

Scientists unravel secrets of mechanism that snips our genes

New imaging technique reveals first 3D pictures of chromosome structure

Optic flow enables perception despite blur image

Study indicates that RNA translation is dictated by translational hotspots

Genes in mitochondria shape each person's risk for heart disease and diabetes

Scientists discover critical regulator for directing pluripotent stem cells to make blood-forming stem cells

Intestinal mucus potentially improves life of people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease

Folic acid deficiency may be associated with multi-generational impact on health

TSRI scientists discover process by which special immune cells in skin help heal wounds

Study shows certain brain cells play critical role in anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder

Scientists study genetic factors involved in complex diseases

'Jekyll-and-Hyde' protein could be potent target for developing new cancer drugs

Experiments with neutrons show antidepressant lithium accumulates strongly in white matter of the brain

Research on bone-derived hormone could lead to new treatments for memory loss, depression

Ampio Pharmaceuticals announces financing transaction of $25 million

Redefining control and consistency in anaerobic microbiome workflows

AI in Healthcare: How generative tools are transforming clinical practice

The future of automation: Machine learning–driven hepatocyte and organoid counting

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