Chromosome

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

What is a Chromosome?

Chromosomes are the basic building blocks of life where the entire genome of an organism is essentially organized and stored in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is present inside every cell making up that organism. A chromosome is a single chain of DNA that is coiled and super coiled to form dense thread-like pieces. The term chromosome is derived from the Greek words "chroma" or color and "some" or body and is so named because chromosomes have the ability to be stained with dyes.

Chromosome History

Chromosomes in Eukaryotes

Chromosomes in Prokaryotes

Chromosome Karyotype

Human Chromosomes

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Common Chromosomal Disorders (Chromosomes 1-5 and X and Y)

What is Chromosome 1?

What is Chromosome 2?

What is Chromosome 3?

What is Chromosome 4?

See more featured articles »

What is Chromosome 5?

What is the X Chromosome?

What is the Y Chromosome?

Latest Chromosome News and Research

Study reveals link between CHD8 gene, gut abnormalities, and autism-related behaviors

The connection between the CHD gene and autism-related gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations.

4 Oct 2023

Genetic testing of one thousand embryos provides insights into human development and IVF

By genetically testing nearly one thousand embryos, scientists have provided the most detailed analysis of embryo fate following human in vitro fertilization.

3 Oct 2023

Novel deep learning model to assess Alzheimer's disease progression risk

Patterns in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) trajectory using Mendelian randomization (MR) and deep learning (DL).

3 Oct 2023

Study reveals how DNA damage caused by chromosomal instability increases cancer invasiveness

Chromosomal instability is a phenomenon characterized by rapid changes in the number and structure of chromosomes during cell division.

28 Sep 2023

Rare genetic variants involved in male-pattern hair loss identified

A receding hairline, a total loss of hair from the crown, and ultimately, the classical horseshoe-shaped pattern of baldness: Previous research into male pattern hair loss, also termed androgenetic alopecia, has implicated multiple common genetic variants.

22 Sep 2023

Researchers identifiy the genetic background of dilated cardiomyopathy

Researchers have made a significant finding in determining the genetic background of dilated cardiomyopathy in Dobermanns.

22 Sep 2023

St. Jude Children's researchers better define hyperdiploidy in childhood B-ALL

Hyperdiploidy is a genetic condition observed in cancer cells, where the cells contain more chromosomes than usual.

20 Sep 2023

NICER: A safer alternative to CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing

The gene editing technique CRISPR/Cas9 has allowed researchers to make precise and impactful changes to an organism's DNA to fix mutations that cause genetic disease.

15 Sep 2023

Innovative technique provides unparalleled insight into autism pathology

Does the human brain have an Achilles heel that ultimately leads to Autism? With a revolutionizing novel system that combines brain organoid technology and intricate genetics, researchers can now comprehensively test the effect of multiple mutations in parallel and at a single-cell level within human brain organoids.

13 Sep 2023

Shorter telomere length of leucocytes may signal heightened dementia risk

Shorter telomeres on the ends of white blood cell chromosomes may signal a heightened dementia risk, suggest the results of a large long term study, published online in the journal General Psychiatry.

12 Sep 2023

Unlocking the future of dementia: Your telomere length could predict your risk

The recent study in General Psychiatry found that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is significantly associated with the risk of developing dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. Using data from over 430,000 individuals, the study suggests that telomere length could serve as a predictive biomarker for brain health and dementia risk.

12 Sep 2023

Dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in China's ready-to-eat foods

The study reveals high levels of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in ready-to-eat foods across 25 provinces in China, posing a serious public health risk. The findings emphasize the need for stronger food safety measures, as the MRSA strains identified were resistant to multiple antibiotics and exhibited various virulence factors.

10 Sep 2023

Is DNA methylation the missing link in diagnosing and treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis?

Researchers across Europe have delved into the DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T-cells of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, unveiling potential new biomarkers for these conditions. Their study suggests that these unique profiles could serve as both diagnostic and prognostic tools, although further validation is needed for real-world clinical application.

10 Sep 2023

New test could detect brain tumors using cerebrospinal fluid

Researchers with the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and four other institutions have developed a molecular test to identify the presence of brain tumors by measuring abnormal genetic material shed by tumors and circulating in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

7 Sep 2023

VAI scientists uncover mechanism that annotates genetic information passed from fathers to offspring

Van Andel Institute scientists and collaborators have identified a key part of a mechanism that annotates genetic information before it is passed from fathers to their offspring.

7 Sep 2023

Chronic inflammation's influence on TP53 mutations in leukemia evolution explored in new study

Researchers performed a multi-omics evaluation of HSPCs obtained from individuals with myeloproliferative neoplasms transforming to TP53-related secondary forms of acute myeloid leukemia.

7 Sep 2023

Yourgene Health launches MagBench Automated DNA Extraction Instrument and Kit for NIPT workflows

Yourgene Health plc (“Yourgene”), a leading international molecular diagnostics group, today launched the Yourgene® MagBench™ Automated DNA Extraction Instrument and Kit. MagBench solution is available to Sage™ customers across Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.

From Yourgene Health 5 Sep 2023

Chromosome

Overview

Feature Articles

Chromosome Karyotype

Human Chromosomes

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Common Chromosomal Disorders (Chromosomes 1-5 and X and Y)

What is Chromosome 1?

What is Chromosome 2?

What is Chromosome 3?

What is Chromosome 4?

What is Chromosome 5?

What is the X Chromosome?

What is the Y Chromosome?

Latest Chromosome News and Research

Breaking Barriers: ANDYSMANCLUB's Fight for Men's Mental Health on World Mental Health Day

Arrayed CRISPR Screening for Revolutionizing Target Discovery

Innovations in baculovirus–insect cell expression systems

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