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Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM)

Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) is a form of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that is used in biological research.

5 Jul 2018

Anti-Counterfeiting Ink

Anti-counterfeiting ink is a covert security feature which uses ink that is invisible unless illuminated by a particular wavelength of light.

5 Jul 2018

Notch signalling is involved in the cell-cell communication process via influencing the patterns of gene expression and differentiation. Notch pathway maintains stem cell populations and regulates binary cell fate choice. It also plays the role of mediator during short-range cell-cell communication. During development, this evolutionary conserved pathway functions in various cell types and stages.

5 Jul 2018

Helicobacter pylori Life Cycle

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, flagellated bacterium, that colonizes the gastric mucosa.

4 Jul 2018

ChIP-Sequencing Analysis: Applications

ChIP-seq, short for chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, combines chromatin immunoprecipitation with real-time next generation sequencing to identify genomic binding sites that proteins such as transcription factors associate with. It is a powerful tool to explore protein−DNA interactions and the regulation of genetic events in diseases and biological pathways.

4 Jul 2018

Bioactive Peptide Applications

Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments that promote metabolic health by exerting a positive influence on biological responses within the body.

4 Jul 2018

Clostridium botulinum Life Cycle

Clostridium botulinum is a relatively large, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod bacterium that grows best in an anaerobic environment at around pH 5 and produces a potent neurotoxin.

4 Jul 2018

Mechanism of DNA Synthesis

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the biological molecule which contains the information needed to create a living organism. As the cell divides to become two, the DNA has to be copied so that both cells contain the necessary genetic information. The synthesis, or making of new DNA strands in living cells is referred to as “DNA replication”.

3 Jul 2018

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

The electron transport chain is comprised of a series of enzymatic reactions within the inner membrane of the mitochondria, which are cell organelles that release and store energy for all physiological needs.

3 Jul 2018

Loss-on-Drying Method (LOD)

There are many situations in which the moisture content of a substance must be accurately determined in order to establish the quality for standard specifications. This is often necessary for a range of products and raw materials, from chemicals through pharmaceutical agents to foodstuffs. The moisture content is crucial in the shelf life of many raw materials and products.

3 Jul 2018

Importance of Allostery in Pharmacology

Allostery refers to the binding of a metabolite at a site other than the chemically active site of a protein. The existence of allosteric sites on receptor molecules has expanded potential drug mechanisms.

29 Jun 2018

Electroporation and the Production of Knockout Mice

Knockout mice are animals that have been genetically modified for so that one or more genes are not expressed, or “knocked out.” Studies are then carried out on the mice to determine what the effects of a loss of the gene have on the animal, or the effects of drugs and other therapies.

28 Jun 2018

What are Chaperone Proteins?

Chaperones are a family of proteins that play a vital role in the stabilization of unfolded proteins. This stabilization aids in many processes such as translocation, degradation, and folding.

28 Jun 2018

Organoid Production Methodology

One of the ways to understand tissue organization and function is to recreate it ex vivo. This kind of experiment can provide insights into what kinds of cells and signaling is critical for the development and function of a tissue or organ. This attempt to create tissues and organs outside the body led to the creation of organoids which are self-organized, three-dimensional tissues, although they mostly represent partial regions of a tissue.

28 Jun 2018

Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters

Bioorthogonal chemical reporters are small exogenous reporters which do not chemically modify the biomolecules they are tagged to.

27 Jun 2018

ChIP-Seq Analysis: Histone Modifications

ChIP-Seq is a powerful tool that enables researchers to investigate and understand protein−DNA interactions and the influence these have on gene expression and cell function.

27 Jun 2018

DNA Loop Extrusion Mechanisms

DNA loop extrusion is the formation of DNA loops when the DNA slips through ring-like motor proteins. Many theories have been proposed to explain loop extrusion.

27 Jun 2018

Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM)

Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) is a tool which breaks the diffraction resolution barrier to provide resolutions of up to 20nm.

27 Jun 2018

CRISPR Interference (CRISPRi) for Gene Suppression

CRISPR (cluster of regularly interspaced palindromic repeats) are sequences found in approximately 50% of bacteria and approximately 90% of archaea, providing adaptive immunity against viral infection. Using these sequences, scientists have recently developed a new genetic technique called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), which allows the suppression of genetic transcription.

27 Jun 2018

Lipidomics in Research

The complete set of lipids in an organism or a cell along with its interactions with other molecules, such as other lipids, proteins, and metabolites constitutes the lipidome. Lipidomics is the comprehensive and quantitative study of the lipidome. It involves identification and quantitation of thousands of biological pathways involving lipids and their interactions.

27 Jun 2018