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Metastasis Process

Metastasis occurs when a tumor spreads from a primary site to a distinct secondary site within another organ. It typically involves several well-characterized steps.

20 Apr 2018

What is Antigenic Drift?

Antigenic drift is the accidental alteration of genes encoding antigens. It typically occurs in viruses and enables the pathogen to evade the immune system, triggering an infection once more.

20 Apr 2018

Insulin-like Growth Factors

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptide hormones that are primarily involved in stimulating the growth of many types of cells.

20 Apr 2018

As a child passes through the birth canal, it is faced with a biofilm of microbes, which it passes through on its way out, into the world. This essential process begins the formation of the baby’s microbiome.

19 Apr 2018

Stem Cell Uses in Research

There are several different types of stem cell used in research: adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, cloned embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

19 Apr 2018

What is Quiescence?

Quiescence is a temporary cell cycle state where populations of cells rest and do not replicate, before they are activated and re-enter the cell cycle.

18 Apr 2018

Interactions That Hold DNA Together

There are several interactions present within a strand (intrastrand interactions) and between two strands (interstrand) that stabilize DNA.

18 Apr 2018

Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis is the mechanism whereby neurons are developed within the nervous system. It involves the formation of highly specialized neurons within the brain, both in fetal and adult growth.

17 Apr 2018

Cytokine Regulation

The body’s defence against harmful stimuli or antigens depends on its recognition of those antigens. Recognition is followed by activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses.

17 Apr 2018

Diffusion and Red Blood Cells

Animals breathe in oxygen, following which it must be delivered to all the organs in the body. This process involves red blood cells and diffusion.

13 Apr 2018

What is Antigenic Shift?

Antigenic shift is the molecular alteration of an antigen so that the human immune system can no longer recognize it, this increases it's pathogenicity so that individuals who have previously been infected can be re-infected and develop symptoms.

13 Apr 2018

Applications of Immunoenzymatic Chromogen Staining

Immunoenzymatic chromogen staining is an immunology staining technique used to visually detect two or more antigenic markers within a single tissue sample.

13 Apr 2018

Roles of Selectins in the Immune System

Selectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding transmembrane molecules found on the surface of endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets.

12 Apr 2018

Genomic Imprinting

Genomic imprinting refers to the selective expression of either the maternal or paternal allele, whilst the other remains inactive.

12 Apr 2018

How are Exosomes Isolated?

Exosomes can be isolated from cells using typical methods for purifying cell fractions. The challenge in isolating vesicles is differentiating them from other types of membrane material in the cell culture supernatant.

12 Apr 2018

Applications of CAR T cells

CAR T cell therapy is a promising immunological treatment for cancer. It involves the engineering chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to redirect T cells towards targeted cancer cells.

11 Apr 2018

Hallmarks of Cancer

There are six features, or hallmarks, of cancer that are used to organize our understanding of the stage of the disease.

11 Apr 2018

Microtubule Motor Proteins

Microtubule motor proteins move across the microtubule, transporting cellular cargo within the cell. They are responsible for mitosis, cellular transport and the movement of organelles.

10 Apr 2018

The Mechanism of DNA Damage by UV Radiation

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure triggers DNA damage, a preliminary step in the process of carcinogenesis. Exposure to UV radiation alters the structure of DNA, affecting the physiological processes of all living systems ranging from bacteria to humans.

10 Apr 2018

Advances in Stem Cell Labeling and Implications for Biological Research

Stem cells are responsible for the maintenance of the human body throughout life. Dr Oleg Podgorny and Dr Grigori Enikolopov discuss the importance of studying stem cell life cycles and advances in the field of stem cell labeling.

12 Apr 2018