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What is Knee Hyperextension?

Knee hyperextension is a condition caused when the knee straightens too far, beyond the normal maximum limit of 00 and often with the joint in varus malalignment. In the properly aligned knee, the load is borne on a line running down the center of the hip, knee and ankle, but in a varus deformity (bowleg form), the line is shifted outwards and back.

4 Apr 2018

What is Compartment Syndrome?

In recent medical practice, one of the most common findings observed in the orthopedic department is of acute compartment syndrome and related disability. The compartment syndrome occurs due to a severely painful condition within an enclosed bundle of muscle in lower or upper extremities or other parts of the body due to pressure build-up. Although the pathophysiology is known, it often becomes difficult to diagnose the condition.

4 Apr 2018

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the important stabilizing ligaments of the knee joint, connecting the femur to the tibia, and it keeps the tibia from moving back on the femur.

4 Apr 2018

Avascular Necrosis (Osteonecrosis)

Avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis is the cellular death of bone in some part of the body due to obstruction of its blood supply, usually to the growing end (epiphysis) of the bone.

4 Apr 2018

Lipodystrophy Causes

Lipodystrophy is a fat metabolism error, which manifests clinically in the form of excessive fat deposition.

3 Apr 2018

What is Lipodystrophy?

Lipodystrophy is a term used to describe a group of varying disorders which are characterized by abnormal loss of body fat over some or all body areas.

3 Apr 2018

What is an Amniocentesis?

Amniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac of amniotic fluid around the baby inside the uterus, to test for certain chromosomal anomalies and other genetic defects. This fluid is meant to protect and nourish the baby and is vital for its proper development.

3 Apr 2018

Hematidrosis Causes

Hematidrosis, also known as hematohidrosis, is a very rare phenomenon in which the individual sweats blood, or blood-tinged sweat exudes from the skin. It is also called hematofolliculohidrosis because of the appearance of blood along with sweat from the openings of the sweat glands. This latter term was coined by Manonukul and his colleagues in 2008.

3 Apr 2018

Milia Causes

Milia is a condition characterized by small benign epithelial cysts in the superficial dermis composed of keratinous material. They are usually 1mm to 4 mm in size and have a dome-shaped and whitish appearance. It is thought that milia arise due to plugging of the ducts of pilosebaceous or eccrine sweat glands. They may appear as a primary condition or be secondary to skin trauma, skin inflammations, skin disease or some medications.

3 Apr 2018

Lipodystrophy Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of lipodystrophy are broad and non-specific. Diagnosis is based on an abnormal distribution of fat and muscle and specific blood tests.

3 Apr 2018

Lipodystrophy Treatment

Lipodystrophy is a term used to describe a collection of metabolic conditions that disrupt fat storage.

3 Apr 2018

When Should You Wet Your Toothbrush?

Even expert opinion is divided when it comes to the ‘wet or dry’ toothbrush debate.

29 Mar 2018

Leber Congenital Amaurosis Symptoms

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a congenital cause of severe visual loss. It is an autosomal recessive condition caused by several different mutations in a variety of genes. It is therefore important to identify the cause of the retinopathy using clinical findings and other diagnostic tests to support the diagnosis. Genetic testing has become mandatory to establish the diagnosis.

29 Mar 2018

Fetal Hemoglobin

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the form of hemoglobin that is dominant during fetal life and is also markedly increased in concentration for several weeks after birth.

29 Mar 2018

Uncovering Hidden Symptoms: Hallucinations and Delusions in Parkinson’s Disease

Hallucinations and delusions associated with PD, like those experienced by Mr. Roberts, make up what is known as Parkinson’s disease psychosis.

27 Mar 2018

Leber Congenital Amaurosis Diagnosis

The condition called Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is an inherited one, caused by the transmission of two copies of a defective or mutated gene, one from each parent, which results in abnormal retinal development and significant or total impairment of its function. The loss of vision results in visual acuity of 20/400 or less.

27 Mar 2018

What is Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma?

A medulloblastoma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system. These tumors make up the overwhelming majority of embryonal brain tumors. They always arise in the posterior fossa of the brain, comprising about 40% of these tumors.

27 Mar 2018

Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in developing and underdeveloped regions of the world, but is almost negligible in the developed nations.

27 Mar 2018

How Do Prion Diseases Spread?

Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are dreaded neurological diseases with a progressive course, and are invariably fatal. They are caused by tiny particles primarily composed of a pathogenic protein which is actually an abnormal variant of the PrP protein, a normal component of the cell membrane.

27 Mar 2018

Separation Anxiety Disorder Causes

Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by the display of extreme worry and discomfort while going away from the things and/or people to whom one is attached.

26 Mar 2018