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Cesarean Section Recovery

A Cesarean section, often called a C-section, is a surgery performed to deliver a baby. In the USA, about a third of all mothers deliver their babies via a C-section.

23 Aug 2017

Swollen Genitals in Newborns

The newborn infant has a range of normal appearances which also embraces the external appearance of the genital region.

23 Aug 2017

The normal newborn breast diameter is about 1-2 cm. Breast swelling of various degrees can occur in about 70% of newborns, and is called by various names. Some of them include physiological breast enlargement, greater breast development, gynecomastia of the newborn, neonatal mastitis and breast enlargement.

23 Aug 2017

Epidural Anesthesia Side Effects

Epidural anesthesia is a mode of anesthesia that numbs the body below the level of the umbilicus. The primary goals of epidurals are to eliminate pain and sensation to the areas in question.

23 Aug 2017

Treating Aarskog-Scott Syndrome (ASS)

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (ASS), a rare developmental genetic disorder, is also known as faciogenital abnormality caused by a mutation in the X chromosome.

23 Aug 2017

Spoon Test for Sleep Deprivation

The spoon test is a simple procedure to test for sleep deprivation.

23 Aug 2017

Walking Pneumonia Versus Bronchitis

Pneumonia is condition of the lungs where the air sac or alveoli become filled with fluid or pus. The pus in the lungs can be the result of a bacterial or viral infection. The infected person will be afflicted with a cough containing phlegm.

23 Aug 2017

Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis (IGH): Differential Diagnoses

Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) is a common benign skin condition. It appears as multiple round or oval macules of depigmentation or hypopigmentation, mostly over the upper or lower extremities.

23 Aug 2017

Vaginal Microbiome and Gynecological Cancer

The vaginal microbiome is comprised of a plethora of bacterial species (ranging from 20 to 140), with the most abundant representation by Lactobacillus species. Next generation sequencing and other modern methods have been used to characterize healthy vaginal microbiome and discern between different “healthy” profiles that keep vaginal homeostasis in check.

22 Aug 2017

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms and Causes

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a hereditary condition where the heart fails to pump properly because the heart muscles (myocardium) have thickened (hypertrophied) and become stiff.

22 Aug 2017

Procedure for Dental Braces

The first step for dental braces is for a patient to be referred to an orthodontist due to concerns about the positioning of the teeth in the jaw. In the first orthodontist appointment, the teeth should be examined manually and with X-rays images. It is also important to discuss the dental history with the patient, which will help to guide the treatment decisions.

22 Aug 2017

Social Anxiety in Children

There are certain phases during childhood in which social anxiety is experienced by a majority of children.

22 Aug 2017

Actinic Cheilitis Diagnosis and Treatment

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a common disease characterized by grayish-white areas of discoloration on the lower lip.

22 Aug 2017

Social Anxiety Epidemiology

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia is common in the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of 2–5% in adults. It presents as a fear of any situations in which interactions with other people are required. SAD is said to be the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the world.

22 Aug 2017

Pediatric Spinal Deformities

Spinal deformities in children may be the result of many conditions, such as congenital malformation of the spinal column, disorders of the neuromuscular system or trauma. They may be progressive in which case their severity increases with age, leading to restrictions of pulmonary growth, nerve function and heart pumping capacity.

22 Aug 2017

Types of Dental Bridges

There are three main types of dental bridges: traditional fixed bridges, cantilever bridges and Maryland bonded bridges. Each of these is described in more detail below, as well as a section to uncover the differences between them and the indications for the use of each type of dental bridge.

22 Aug 2017

Tooth Extraction Risks

There are several risks and complications of tooth extraction that may affect some patients who need to have a tooth removed.

22 Aug 2017

Broken Veins from the Sun

Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight causes a number of changes in the external and internal aspects of cell metabolism. Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays are a known mutagen which can cause DNA changes in the cells forming the superficial epidermal layers.

22 Aug 2017

Chronic Solar Erythema (Sunburn)

Sunburn, or solar erythema, is a short-term skin response to excessive amounts of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, mostly from the sun or from tanning lamps. There are two types of UV rays that are received by the skin during sun exposure, even when it is not during the zenithal times of 10 am to 4 pm; UVA and UVB rays.

21 Aug 2017

Femoral Anteversion in Children

Femoral anteversion is a condition in which the thigh bone or femur is twisted inwardly, resulting in the in-turning of the knees and feet. The gait is typically pigeon-toed.

21 Aug 2017