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Graft Versus Host Disease Research

Researchers are exploring ways that they can minimize the risk of graft vs host disease (GvHD) in stem cell/bone marrow transplantation patients.

22 Aug 2016

Mammary Duct Ectasia

Mammary duct ectasia represents a type of benign blockage of milk ducts with a varying incidence, depending on the diagnostic methods used. Albeit historically descriptions of mammary duct ectasia involved different terminologies (according to diverse symptomatic and histological characteristics), in 1951, Haagensen and his colleagues proposed a formal and unified named based on its dominant pathological feature – a clogged lactiferous duct.

22 Aug 2016

Allergic to Dogs: Symptoms, Causes and Diagnosis

Although domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are among the most abundant of household pets, the prevalence of clinically relevant allergic diseases caused by dogs is lower than that for cats. Still, sensitivity to dog allergens can be a major cause of allergic symptoms (and even severe manifestations such as asthma) in susceptible individuals, and it is thought that up to 20% of the population in Western countries exhibits some kind of allergy to dogs.

22 Aug 2016

Early Signs of Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a life event (divided into three trimesters of 13 weeks each) that entails substantial physiological and psychological adjustments for the mother. Within each trimester, numerous adaptations occur with the end-goal of facilitating the growth of the fetus.

21 Aug 2016

Cushing's Syndrome and Skin Problems

Cushing's Syndrome (sometimes called hypercortisolism) is a hormonal disease caused by an abnormally high level of the hormone cortisol in the body. This may arise because of an endogenous or exogenous source of cortisol. Endogenous causes include the elevated production of cortisol by the adrenal glands, while exogenous causes include the excessive use of cortisol or other similar steroid (glucocorticoid) hormones over a prolonged period of time.

21 Aug 2016

Thyroid Disorders and Skin Problems

Thyroid disorders are characterized by abnormal levels of thyroid hormone in the serum. Thyroid hormone has many roles in body metabolism. These include its involvement in the embryonic development of mammalian skin, the initiation and maintenance of hair growth, determination of epidermal thickness, and secretion of sebum.

21 Aug 2016

Diabetes and Skin Problems

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a disruption in glucose homeostasis. The most well-known manifestation is that the blood glucose level remains higher than normal. The condition is categorized as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Whilst diabetes can cause many systemic effects, it can also cause certain dermatological complications.

21 Aug 2016

Rheumatoid Arthritis Skin Problems

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune illness. It is the result of the body’s immune system producing antibodies against its own antigens, causing damage to the target organs. Like most other autoimmune diseases, RA occurs three times more often in women as compared to men.

21 Aug 2016

Ochronosis Skin Disorder

Ochronosis is a rare disorder which manifests as a bluish-black discoloration of the skin and mucosa. It is categorized into endogenous or exogenous forms.

21 Aug 2016

Female Pattern Hair Loss Treatments and Prognosis

Female pattern hair loss is a common problem of adult women. It presents with a diffuse and gradual reduction in hair density, most noticeable over the frontal and mid-portions of the scalp. This condition is progressive in nature, which means that without treatment the prognosis is one of continuous hair loss and widespread thinning.

21 Aug 2016

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Female Pattern Baldness

Female pattern baldness is a common clinical entity in women. It is characterized by a progressive decline in scalp hair density. In medical terms it is known as female androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that it may be perceived as the female equivalent of male androgenetic alopecia.

21 Aug 2016

Causes of Female Pattern Baldness

Female pattern baldness is a quite common, non-scarring form of hair loss that may be observed in all ages, but most notably in postmenopausal women. This condition typically manifests as a diffuse reduction of hair density over the frontal and vertex regions. The occipital and parietal areas may also be involved.

21 Aug 2016

Female Pattern Hair Loss

Female pattern hair loss (also known as female pattern androgenetic alopecia) represents a common condition with a multifactorial etiology that affects a large number of women worldwide. It is characterized by a progressive reduction in hair density, most notably on the crown and frontal scalp.

21 Aug 2016

Hair Growth in Pregnancy

Pregnancy is associated with a plethora of hormonal, immunological, vascular and metabolic changes.

19 Aug 2016

Intraductal Hyperplasia

Intraductal proliferations of mammary epithelium of the breast form a spectrum that begins with intraductal hyperplasia without atypia (also known as conventional ductal hyperplasia), continues with atypical intraductal hyperplasia, and ends with ductal carcinoma in situ.

19 Aug 2016

Atypical Hyperplasia - Ductal and Lobular

Atypical hyperplasia is a term which refers to an accumulation of abnormal cells in the breast tissue. It is not cancer, but can be a pre-cancerous condition where the abnormal cells causing hyperplasia keep dividing in an uncontrolled manner. It may lead to non-invasive or invasive breast cancer in the long term.

19 Aug 2016

Axilla - Anatomy

The axilla is the space in the interval marking the junction of the upper arm and the chest wall. It is a key area because many important neurovascular structures pass through it. It is pyramidal in shape.

19 Aug 2016

Nursing Specializations

The nursing profession has evolved considerably over the last century, including the introduction of specializations for nurses, with specific knowledge and experience to practice in certain fields. There are now many possible areas that a nurse may choose to specialize in, and these continue to grow.

19 Aug 2016

Support for Selective Mutism

Selective mutism has garnered a lot of attention as a childhood disorder that can have significant repercussions on the children and their families. Children with selective mutism need the help of a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals that includes a pediatrician, child psychologist or psychiatrist, and a speech – language therapist. The school and family of the affected child should work closely with the health care team for the treatment to be effective.

19 Aug 2016

Behavioral Therapy for Selective Mutism

Treatment of selective mutism mainly involves behavioral therapy. Affected children need the help of a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals that includes a pediatrician, child psychologist or psychiatrist, and a speech- language pathologist (SLP).

19 Aug 2016