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Congenital Birth Defects

A congenital birth defect, also known as a congenital anomaly, is a condition that is present at birth due to structural deformities in the development of a fetus. Common examples of congenital birth defects include congenital heart disease, neural tube defects and Down syndrome.

7 Sep 2016

Clinical Pharmacy

Clinical pharmacy is a branch of pharmacy that involves the provision of patient care with the use of medications to optimize the health outcomes of patients. This includes promoting wellness and preventing disease. The practice of clinical pharmacy embraces pharmaceutical care philosophy. Furthermore it combines patient care with specialized therapeutic knowledge about the use of medications.

7 Sep 2016

Allergies in Children

Although any child may develop allergies, some children are more likely to be affected than others. For example, children with a family history of allergic reactions are at a higher risk of developing allergies themselves, which suggests a genetic susceptibility.

7 Sep 2016

Hospital Pharmacy

Hospital pharmacy is a specialized field of pharmacy that is integrated into the care of a medical center. These include centers such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, drug-dependency facility, poison control center, drug information center of residential care facility.

7 Sep 2016

Nursing Career

A career in nursing is a suitable option for an individual who has good organization and communication skills and enjoys caring for people. To practice as a nurse, there are various education and certification requirements that must be met. These are covered in more detail below, in addition to expectations of workplace roles and environment.

7 Sep 2016

Ophthalmologist Education and Training

An ophthalmologist is a medical physician who has undertaken a specialization in the structure, function and health of the eye. This training allows them to perform complex microsurgery in the treatment of eye diseases. The essential steps involved in the education and training required to become an ophthalmologist are outlined below. Although there are some differences depending on the country of practice, the general training requirements are similar worldwide.

7 Sep 2016

Managing Choroidal Melanomas

Choroidal melanoma is among the most common tumors of the eye. It affects one of the most vascular tissues of the body. Its diagnosis requires an internal ophthalmoscopy as well as ancillary tests including fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography of the eye, and transillumination.

7 Sep 2016

$Types of Refractive Disorder$

Types of Refractive Disorder

A refractive disorder is an ocular condition caused by changes in the shape of the eye, which prevents light from being focused sharply on the retina, creating unclear images. The causes may range from congenital shortening or lengthening of the eyeball through variations in the shape of the cornea, to anomalies of the lens.

7 Sep 2016

Delayed Puberty

Delayed puberty is a condition that refers to the absence or late onset of sexual changes that usually occur at the age of puberty. In boys, delayed puberty is defined by the absence of testicular development by the age of 14. In girls, it is defined by the absence of breast development by the age of 13, or absence of menarche by the age of 15.

6 Sep 2016

Non-Inherited Polycystic Kidney Disease

Cystic kidney disease is a condition in which the kidney develops several fluid-filled sacs or cysts. It may develop in both children and adults.

6 Sep 2016

Treatment of Submacular Hemorrhage

Submacular hemorrhage is a rare but devastating sequel of choroidal neovascularization, which is a frequent complication of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

6 Sep 2016

Sesame Seed Allergy

Sesame seed allergy is estimated to occur in up to 2 out of every thousand people who consume this food. Many of these individuals first present with an anaphylactic reaction to sesame seeds. The incidene of sesame seed allergy is approximately half that of a persistent allergy to cow’s milk.

6 Sep 2016

Pediatric Cancer

Accepting a diagnosis of cancer is difficult for anyone, but even more challenging for children. There are several types of cancers that may affect young people, with leukemia and brain tumors being the most common. Some cancers that primarily affect adults have not been listed in this article. They may also affect children in rare cases.

6 Sep 2016

What Causes Retinoblastoma?

Retinoblastomas are malignant tumors that occur mostly in children below 5 years of age. One of three tumors is bilateral. About 250-350 new cases are diagnosed each year in the US. Thus they make up about 4% of all tumors in childhood. Children with bilateral retinoblastoma (as occurs in 40% of cases) are diagnosed at a mean age of 15 months, while those who have unilateral retinoblastoma are diagnosed at 24 months on average.

6 Sep 2016

Diagnosing and Treating Retinoblastoma

A retinoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the retina. It occurs as both hereditary and non-hereditary forms. It is seen typically in children who are below the age of 5 years.

6 Sep 2016

Retinoblastoma Screening

A retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina, which is the thin sensory membrane at the back of the eyeball. It occurs as a result of a mutation in both copies of the RB1 gene that produces the pRB protein. This is a tumor suppressor protein, which inhibits the uncontrolled proliferation of mutant cells. When this protein is defective or absent, the abnormal cells may start to multiply in an unregulated fashion, leading to malignant transformation.

6 Sep 2016

Signs and Symptoms of Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastomas may occur in one or both eyes, and may be heritable or non-heritable in their pattern. They typically occur in children less than 5 years of age.

6 Sep 2016

Retinoblastoma - Malignant Tumor of the Retina

A retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina, occurring most often in young children below 5 years. In one of three cases it is bilateral i.e., affecting both eyes. About 250-350 new cases occur every year in the USA, in children younger than 15 years.

6 Sep 2016

Symptoms and Management of Alpha-gal Allergy

Alpha-gal allergy is an allergy to meat products that manifests several hours after eating meat.

6 Sep 2016

Causes of Alpha-gal Allergy

Meat is an important part of the Western diet but anaphylaxis is rare. This is explained by the fact that most proteins in human and animal meat are homologous, preventing the emergence of IgE antibodies. Many instances of cross-reactivity have been found, of which a few are clinically important. One of the most striking of these is the pork-cat syndrome, which is often mistaken for alpha-gal allergy.

6 Sep 2016