Metabolic syndrome prevalent in elementary school children

The metabolic syndrome, a dangerous cluster of risk factors previously seen in adults and adolescents, is now appearing in elementary school-aged children. The findings, presented at the 52nd American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Annual Meeting in Nashville, are the first to emerge from a three-year physical activity intervention and study to determine the prevalence of the condition in young children.

The metabolic syndrome has become a prevalent condition in North America, affecting nearly a quarter of U.S. men and women. An individual with the metabolic syndrome has three or more of the following factors: high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high plasma triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and high waist circumference. The metabolic syndrome is considered a precursor for Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and premature mortality.

Three hundred seventy-five second- and third-grade boys and girls were assessed to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its related components in this age group. Researchers developed metabolic syndrome screening protocol for the children, defined as the presence of three or more of the following components: 1) central obesity (high waist circumference); 2) elevated triglyceride concentrations; 3) low HDL (good) cholesterol; 4) elevated blood pressure; or 5) elevated fasting glucose levels.

Five percent of both boys and girls were identified as having the metabolic syndrome. Half of the children had no components, and 45 percent had one or two components, with elevated blood pressure being the most common. Although the prevalence is low in this population, researchers say the results show the need for early prevention since components of the metabolic syndrome track into adulthood.

“The prevalence of metabolic syndrome dramatically increased among children who were overweight, with one in five overweight children having the condition,” said Katrina D. DuBose, Ph.D., lead author. “To help manage this, children need to participate in more physical activity and choose healthier foods to eat. Parents and teachers can help by encouraging children to be more active both inside and outside of school.“

Previous studies have indicated physical activity is an effective way to lower some of the risk factors common in metabolic syndrome. In one study of more than 600 adults classified as having the metabolic syndrome, nearly a third resolved their symptoms after exercise training.

ACSM's 52nd Annual Meeting is going on now at the Gaylord Opryland Resort and Convention Center. For more information on the event, or to speak with ACSM Communications and Public Information staff, please call (615) 458-0996.

The American College of Sports Medicine is the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. More than 20,000 international, national, and regional members are dedicated to promoting and integrating scientific research, education, and practical applications of sports medicine and exercise science to maintain and enhance physical performance, fitness, health, and quality of life.