Gum disease bacteria linked to calcific aortic valve stenosis

Gum disease bacteria may spur calcium buildup in the heart's aortic valve, leading to a common and serious heart valve disease, according to preliminary, independent research presented at the American Heart Association's Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Scientific Sessions 2026. The meeting, in Boston, July 13-16, 2026, is one of the largest meetings globally dedicated to fundamental and translational research in cardiovascular science.

According to the American Heart Association, calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) occurs when the aortic valve thickens and calcifies, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. In early stages, there may be no symptoms; however, as the condition progresses, it can cause fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, heart failure and sometimes premature death. Standard treatment for severe CAVS is valve replacement surgery.

This study identifies a potential biological pathway linking chronic oral gum disease and infection to calcific aortic valve stenosis.

There are currently no medications proven to prevent or slow the progression of CAVS. We hope our findings demonstrating the link between periodontal disease and CAVS will stimulate further research into new preventive and therapeutic approaches for this condition."

Chenyang Li, M.D., co-lead author of the study, Ph.D. candidate, department of cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Fuwai Hospital's National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing

The researchers focused on the bacteria called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which plays a disproportionately large role in causing gum inflammation and the destruction of gum tissue. P. gingivalis has also previously been associated with systemic inflammation and the risk of cardiovascular disease, including plaque buildup in the arteries and coronary artery disease.

The researchers measured different bacterial levels in human cardiac valve tissue removed during valve replacement surgery. They studied samples from people with CAVS and from those with other valve diseases.

"We were surprised by how much P. gingivalis was present in the calcified aortic valves," Li said. "Although it was not one of the most abundant bacteria overall, it showed one of the largest differences between valves with CAVS and valves without CAVS. This unexpected finding led us to investigate its potential role in the development of CAVS."

Using mice, researchers also explored how P. gingivalis might be linked to the development of CAVS. Researchers gave mice live and heat-inactivated P. gingivalis to see if the bacteria built up in the aortic valve, caused more calcification and led to symptoms of aortic stenosis. Some mice received antibiotics, while in others the IL-1β inflammatory pathway was genetically disabled or removed.

Researchers found that repeated exposure of mice to live P. gingivalis led to the accumulation of bacteria in aortic valves, increased valve calcification and symptoms of aortic stenosis, while preventive antibiotic treatment reduced these effects. In the mouse valve cells, P. gingivalis activated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), an inflammation-spurring protein made mainly by the body's immune cells.

In further testing, when researchers genetically deleted IL-1b in the mice, calcification and valve symptoms were significantly reduced even in the presence of P. gingivalis.

"The key message is simple: take good care of your oral health," Li said. "Good oral hygiene and treatment of periodontal disease are important for overall health and may also have benefits for cardiovascular health. While it is still too early to recommend specific treatments for preventing CAVS, our findings suggest that periodontal health could be an important piece of the puzzle."

"This study adds to the growing evidence that oral health and heart health are closely connected," said Eduardo Sanchez, M.D., M.P.H., FAHA, chief medical officer for prevention for the American Heart Association. "For many people, regular visits to the dentist are their only connection to the healthcare system. That makes dental professionals important partners in spotting health conditions, including periodontal disease early - which can lead to quicker healthcare referrals and results, better health and lives saved."

The American Heart Association's Healthy Smiles, Healthy Hearts™ initiative provides dental care teams with professional education highlighting the connection between oral health and heart health, a standard blood pressure screening and referral guide for patients in dental settings, and educational materials for patients to help improve both their oral and heart health.

The study has limitations because its findings have not been confirmed in people. The researchers have started a clinical study to further evaluate the link between gum disease and CAVS.