Study shows how antibiotic gentamicin affects cystic fibrosis patients with a stop mutation

Genetics tests could help provide cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with targeted treatment in future, pilot study authors suggest.

Results from a French clinical trial published in BMC Medicine show how a small percentage of CF sufferers with a rare genetic stop mutation responded positively to gentamicin treatment.

Aleksander Edelman and Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus of Faculty de Medicine Necker in Paris led collaborators from several French institutions studying how the antibiotic gentamicin affected CF patients with a stop mutation. The team used a dual reporter gene assay first in vitro and then in CF patients. The study found that a small subgroup of patients with the Y122X mutation, found mainly in inhabitants of Reunion island, responded to gentamicin treatment.

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the Cystic Fibrosis Transmemrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. Over 1500 mutations have been described since this gene's discovery. Premature stop mutations, which includeY122X, are found in around 10% of CF patients. Gentamicin reversed stop codons in the Y122X gene, and helped restore the CFTR protein, improving patients' respiration.

Gentamicin itself may not be an ideal drug option, as it may cause serious side effects for some patients, including ear and kidney damage. The authors suggest that other drugs, such as amikacin or PTC124, with a comparable mode of action and fewer side effects, may have treatment potential. The in vitro method used to predict the trial's outcome could be a first step to developing treatments effective for patients with CF and other diseases where premature stop codons play a role.