Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology, and animal experimentation has provided much of the foundation of physiological knowledge. Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy, the study of form, and physiology, the study of function, are intrinsically tied and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.
Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare genetic disease of the nerve cells in the spinal cord that can appear as early as infancy. The disease leads to a progressive loss of muscle strength. Those affected often suffer from muscle weakness early on, as well as difficulties with movement, breathing, and swallowing.
New research offers potential good news for those who've lapsed at the gym. The study found that mice that voluntarily ran on an exercise wheel for four weeks, stopped for four weeks and ran again for another four weeks saw unexpected gains.
Adolescent athletes' cardiovascular system may adapt to increased cardiorespiratory fitness by increasing blood pressure, arterial stiffness and heart growth, a new study shows.
Laís Junqueira discusses patient safety challenges in pediatric care and the need for system-level innovations to protect children and newborns effectively.
By targeting a specific area of the brain, researchers at Washington State University may now hold the key to curbing the debilitating symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that push many people back to drinking.
Exercise can help to restore a more normal, well-regulated immune system in people with post-COVID syndrome, according to a gold-standard randomised-controlled trial presented at the European Respiratory Society Congress in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
A team led by UCL (University College London) and Imperial College London researchers has shown for the first time how life-saving antibiotics called polymyxins pierce the armor of harmful bacteria.
A team of scientists at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) has published new evidence suggesting that the brain's protective shield - known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) - remains largely intact in a commonly used mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Practical information on managing periods can help better prepare adolescents for the changes taking place in their bodies during menstruation, according to research presented during the 2025 American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition at the Colorado Convention Center Sept. 26-30.
This review analyzes nearly three decades of research on menstrual cycle phases and their inconsistent effects on women's athletic performance and physiology.
Findings indicate that low hydration is associated with increased cortisol spikes during stress, potentially influencing long-term health risks.
Researchers engineered mice with a mutation (E3896A) in the RyR1 calcium-binding site, eliminating calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) without affecting depolarization-induced calcium release.
Changes in vision are often a common sign of aging. If you sit in a dimly lit restaurant with anyone over the age of 60, you'll likely hear the person say, "Hold on - let me pull out my cell phone. I need more light to read the menu!" But what if we could reverse age-related visual decline?
Researchers writing in The Lancet review breakthroughs in type 1 diabetes treatment, from immunotherapies that delay onset to stem-cell β-cell replacement and automated insulin delivery. They stress that equitable access, validated surrogate endpoints, and scalable technologies are crucial for lasting impact.
Using magnetic cameras, researchers at Linköping University have examined blood flow in an artificial heart in real time. The results make it possible to design the heart in a way to reduce the risk of blood clots and red blood cells breakdown, a common problem in today's artificial hearts.
In a mouse model of liver transplantation, UCLA researchers have identified proteins that act as "protective switches" guarding the liver against damage occurring when blood supply is restored during transplantation, a process known as ischemia-reperfusion injury.
More than 1500 persons in Norway have had a liver transplantation. But how can doctors know which patients need extra follow-up or additional treatment so that as many as possible can live a long life afterwards?
A new study from Duke University School of Medicine is challenging long-standing views on blood sugar regulation - and pointing to a surprising new ally in the fight against type 2 diabetes.
Performance in endurance sports, such as long-distance running, cycling, and cross-country skiing, requires sustained activity over prolonged periods of time, and is influenced by multiple factors, such as temperature and mental state.
A new study from the University of Oklahoma reveals how a little-understood protein, CD82, contributes to blood vessel leakage, a process that initiates inflammation but becomes dangerous when it occurs during severe inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19.
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