Brain News and Research

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The human brain is the center of the human nervous system and is a highly complex organ. Enclosed in the cranium, it has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times as large as the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size.

alpha4 may prove to be useful target for smoking addiction therapies

Nicotine is responsible for more than four million smoking-related deaths each year. Yet people still smoke. Why? One reason is the stranglehold of addiction, started when nicotine enhances the release of a neurotransmitter called dopamine

4 Nov 2004

Trial of new type of drug that attacks amyloid

Neuroscientists at the Farber Institute for Neurosciences at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia will begin a clinical trial testing a new type of drug that attacks amyloid, the protein substance that accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients.

4 Nov 2004

Ecstasy use down among America's youth

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) just-released 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reports the number of current ecstasy users decreased between 2002 and 2003, from 676,000 (0.3 percent) to 470,000 (0.2 percent).

4 Nov 2004

Discovery of internal molecular clock that governs the metabolism of sugars and fats within the body

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that components of the internal molecular clock of mammals have an important role in governing the metabolism of sugars and fats within the body.

4 Nov 2004

Pfizer licenses drug from University of Rochester for treatment of hot flashes

The University of Rochester has signed a license agreement with Pfizer which will allow Pfizer to market a specific class of non-hormonal drugs for the treatment of hot flashes associated with menopause.

4 Nov 2004

Researchers identify biomarkers that could lead to more accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus

University of Pittsburgh researchers have identified biomarkers that could result in earlier and more accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a devastating disease that affects as many as 1.5 million Americans, and occurs 10 to 15 times more frequently in women.

4 Nov 2004

Reproductive hormones have effects on all of these stages of brain growth and development

Scientists are now uncovering increasing evidence that the brain not only responds to hormones produced by the reproductive system, but that these hormones-the so-called "female hormones," estrogen and progestin, and the "male" androgens, such as testosterone-play an important role in the development of differences between male and female brains.

2 Nov 2004

An errant enzyme linked to bipolar disorder impairs awareness, perception and reasoning

The disturbed thinking, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and distractibility seen in mania, a destructive phase of bipolar disorder, may be traceable to overactivity of protein kinase C (PKC), suggests the study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the Stanley Foundation.

1 Nov 2004

Clinical trial of investigational oxygen-carrying blood substitute for use at the scene of injury

Loyola University Health System begins today the national clinical trial using PolyHeme®, an investigational oxygen-carrying blood substitute designed to increase survival of critically injured and bleeding trauma patients at the scene of injury.

1 Nov 2004

Improved risk classification for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia offers hope for eliminating irradiation

Improved risk classification for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), coupled with more intensive intrathecal chemotherapy for high risk patients and the use of a drug called dexamethasone, could one day permit physicians to omit irradiation as a part of routine treatment.

1 Nov 2004

New clues about how brain cells are damaged by Alzheimer's disease

University of Kentucky chemistry professor Allan Butterfield has uncovered new clues about how brain cells are damaged by Alzheimer's disease, evidence suggesting vitamin E may help prevent the debilitating illness.

1 Nov 2004

Cigarette smoking can dramatically affect appetite and weight control

The study by researchers in the Department of Pharmacology and the CRC for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases found that mice exposed to four days of cigarette smoke displayed significant loss of appetite, fat tissue and body weight.

1 Nov 2004

Brain imaging technology shows how the adult dyslexic brain can change

New findings from researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center in collaboration with Wake Forest University School of Medicine have shown that there is hope for individuals suffering a life-long history of reading problems.

1 Nov 2004

First home-testing device for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients

Home-testing kits have made it easier for diabetics and hypertension patients to track their conditions, but such self-monitoring hasn’t been possible for people with phenylketonuria (PKU).

1 Nov 2004

Researchers provide concrete evidence about how the human eye evolved

When Darwin's skeptics attack his theory of evolution, they often focus on the eye. Darwin himself confessed that it was "absurd" to propose that the human eye, an "organ of extreme perfection and complication" evolved through spontaneous mutation and natural selection.

1 Nov 2004

Researchers help define Apolipoprotein E's role in the formation of amyloid brain lesions and the memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease

A research team led by University of South Florida neuroscientist Huntington Potter, PhD, CEO of the Johnnie B. Byrd Sr. Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, for the first time has defined how the protein Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) contributes to both the formation of amyloid brain lesions and the memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease.

1 Nov 2004

Discovery affirms potential of stem cells for the development of possible therapies for spinal cord injury and nervous system disorders

Researchers at The Hospital for Sick Children (Sick Kids) have shown that stem cells found in adult skin retain their embryonic capability of making many types of cells.

1 Nov 2004

Possible new way to treat amblyopia (lazy eye)

New research suggests a way to treat "lazy eye" that may be easier on children - and their parents - than current treatments.

1 Nov 2004

Flame retardants may cause brain damage

Reduced adaptability, hyperactivity, and disturbances in memory and learning functions. These are deficiencies mice and rats evince when exposed to bromide flame retardants, such as those found in computers, textiles, and other materials in our surroundings, during the period when the brain develops most rapidly.

1 Nov 2004

Recovering alcoholics can remain sober for years

The study used a test that gauged participants' abilities to make sound choices between short-term rewards and the long-term negative consequences of their decisions.

1 Nov 2004

Brain News and Research

Further Reading

alpha4 may prove to be useful target for smoking addiction therapies

Trial of new type of drug that attacks amyloid

Ecstasy use down among America's youth

Discovery of internal molecular clock that governs the metabolism of sugars and fats within the body

Pfizer licenses drug from University of Rochester for treatment of hot flashes

Researchers identify biomarkers that could lead to more accurate diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Reproductive hormones have effects on all of these stages of brain growth and development

An errant enzyme linked to bipolar disorder impairs awareness, perception and reasoning

Clinical trial of investigational oxygen-carrying blood substitute for use at the scene of injury

Improved risk classification for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia offers hope for eliminating irradiation

New clues about how brain cells are damaged by Alzheimer's disease

Cigarette smoking can dramatically affect appetite and weight control

Brain imaging technology shows how the adult dyslexic brain can change

First home-testing device for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients

Researchers provide concrete evidence about how the human eye evolved

Researchers help define Apolipoprotein E's role in the formation of amyloid brain lesions and the memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease

Discovery affirms potential of stem cells for the development of possible therapies for spinal cord injury and nervous system disorders

Possible new way to treat amblyopia (lazy eye)

Flame retardants may cause brain damage

Recovering alcoholics can remain sober for years

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