Cytokines

Cytokine is a substance that is made by cells of the immune system. Some cytokines can boost the immune response and others can suppress it. Cytokines can also be made in the laboratory by recombinant DNA technology and used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer.

What are Cytokines?

The term "cytokine" is derived from a combination of two Greek words - "cyto" meaning cell and "kinos" meaning movement. Cytokines are cell signalling molecules that aid cell to cell communication in immune responses and stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, infection and trauma.

Cytokine Receptors

Cytokine Nomenclature

Cytokine Effects

Inflammatory Cytokines and Depression

Cytokine Classification

Latest Cytokines News and Research

Arginine slows amyloid buildup and improves brain outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease models

Arginine reduced amyloid beta aggregation in vitro and in both Drosophila and AppNL-G-F mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to fewer dense-core plaques and improved behavior. The study provides preclinical evidence that oral arginine may modulate amyloid pathology, although high dosing requirements and model limitations constrain human translation.

24 Nov 2025

Black cumin: A promising natural agent with potential against chronic diseases

Black cumin seeds contain diverse secondary metabolites, including thymoquinone, flavonoids, triterpenoids and alkaloids, that demonstrate broad antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Early preclinical and limited clinical evidence shows therapeutic potential across chronic diseases, supported by mechanistic and structure activity relationship findings.

24 Nov 2025

Gut neurons control immunity attack or repair

Beneath the surface of your gut lies a vast network of neurons—as many as in your spinal cord. New research from the Champalimaud Foundation (CF) in Lisbon shows that in mice this "second brain" helps decide whether the immune system should go into attack mode or start repairing tissue.

24 Nov 2025

Discovery of unexpected mechanism may help improve healing across muscle injuries

At the cellular level, the mechanics of how muscle tissue repair occurs gets complicated. There are significant differences between, say, tearing a muscle in a sports injury versus muscle tissue wasting away from diseases like muscular dystrophy.

21 Nov 2025

Marine bacterium shows powerful therapeutic effects against colorectal cancer

A research team led by Professor Eijiro Miyako at the Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), has discovered that the marine bacterium Photobacterium angustum demonstrates remarkable therapeutic efficacy against colorectal cancer.

21 Nov 2025

Inflammatory biomarkers offer new insights for precision medicine in ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, is a complex cerebrovascular event with outcomes heavily influenced by the inflammatory response.

20 Nov 2025

Study compares GLP-1 drug benefits and finds substantial variation in clinical effects

GLP-1 receptor agonists improve glycaemic control and provide renal, metabolic, and selective cardiovascular benefits in people with type 2 diabetes, based on an umbrella review of 17 meta-analyses. However, these agents consistently increase gastrointestinal adverse effects and show important distinctions between class-level outcomes and individual drug effects, particularly for semaglutide.

20 Nov 2025

Evidence links severe gum disease to erectile dysfunction and broader men’s health risks

A healthy mouth is also key to a healthy body, as gum disease has been linked to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's.

20 Nov 2025

Advances in diagnosis and management of chronic subdural hematoma

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions, particularly among the elderly, with an annual incidence ranging from 1.7 to 20.6 per 100,000 people.

18 Nov 2025

Toward precision diagnosis and treatment of radiation-induced brain injury

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a serious and often delayed complication of cranial radiotherapy, which remains a cornerstone in the treatment of brain tumors such as gliomas, metastases, and lymphomas.

18 Nov 2025

Study uncovers how tumors exploit a molecular signal to exhaust T cells

A new study has discovered a molecular signal that tumors exploit to exhaust the T cells meant to destroy them-and how silencing that signal could revive the body's immunity.

17 Nov 2025

Understanding leptin's dual function in MAFLD pathogenesis

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a predominant chronic liver condition globally, intricately linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.

14 Nov 2025

Enhancing the cancer-immunity cycle through innovative vaccines

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have experienced a remarkable resurgence over the past decade, representing a paradigm shift in oncology toward harnessing the immune system's intrinsic ability to combat malignancies.

14 Nov 2025

Engineered biomaterial promotes formation of cancer-fighting immune cell clusters

Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have developed a novel biomaterial-based system that induces the formation of tertiary lymphoid-like structures, or TLSs.

6 Nov 2025

Study identifies molecular brake that controls overactive killer T cells

"Why do immune cells that are supposed to eliminate viruses suddenly turn against our own body?"

6 Nov 2025

Trojan horse strategy using cesium nanosalts shows powerful anti-cancer effects

Recently, a team led by Academician Hongjie Zhang, Researcher Shuyan Song, Associate Researcher Pengpeng Lei, and Dr. Ran An at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed an innovative strategy to construct a series of biodegradable cesium nanosalts.

4 Nov 2025

GLP-1 drugs calm inflammation beyond diabetes and weight loss

This Journal of Clinical Investigation review describes how glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)–based medicines reduce systemic and tissue inflammation through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. It details preclinical and clinical evidence linking GLP-1 receptor activation to cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, neural, and joint anti-inflammatory effects while outlining uncertainties and future research needs.

4 Nov 2025

New approach harnesses tumor's own machinery to produce immune-stimulating molecules

By stimulating cancer cells to produce a molecule that activates a signaling pathway in nearby immune cells, MIT researchers have found a way to force tumors to trigger their own destruction.

3 Nov 2025

How walnuts combat inflammation and oxidative stress in the body

This review in Food Science & Nutrition synthesizes evidence showing that walnuts (Juglans regia L.) exert potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-regulatory, and immunomodulatory effects through bioactive compounds influencing mitochondrial, cytokine, and redox pathways.

3 Nov 2025

Urolithin A recharges aging immune cells and boosts mitochondrial fitness in midlife adults

Urolithin A, a natural postbiotic known to trigger mitophagy, rejuvenated key immune cell functions in healthy middle-aged adults after 28 days. The trial showed a shift toward a youthful, energy-efficient CD8⁺ T-cell profile and enhanced bacterial clearance without inflammatory side effects.

3 Nov 2025

Cytokines

Overview

Cytokine Receptors

Cytokine Nomenclature

Cytokine Effects

Feature Articles

Inflammatory Cytokines and Depression

Cytokine Classification

Latest Cytokines News and Research

Arginine slows amyloid buildup and improves brain outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease models

Black cumin: A promising natural agent with potential against chronic diseases

Gut neurons control immunity attack or repair

Discovery of unexpected mechanism may help improve healing across muscle injuries

Marine bacterium shows powerful therapeutic effects against colorectal cancer

Inflammatory biomarkers offer new insights for precision medicine in ischemic stroke

Study compares GLP-1 drug benefits and finds substantial variation in clinical effects

Evidence links severe gum disease to erectile dysfunction and broader men’s health risks

Advances in diagnosis and management of chronic subdural hematoma

Toward precision diagnosis and treatment of radiation-induced brain injury

Study uncovers how tumors exploit a molecular signal to exhaust T cells

Understanding leptin's dual function in MAFLD pathogenesis

Enhancing the cancer-immunity cycle through innovative vaccines

Engineered biomaterial promotes formation of cancer-fighting immune cell clusters

Study identifies molecular brake that controls overactive killer T cells

Trojan horse strategy using cesium nanosalts shows powerful anti-cancer effects

GLP-1 drugs calm inflammation beyond diabetes and weight loss

New approach harnesses tumor's own machinery to produce immune-stimulating molecules

How walnuts combat inflammation and oxidative stress in the body

Urolithin A recharges aging immune cells and boosts mitochondrial fitness in midlife adults

Redefining control and consistency in anaerobic microbiome workflows

AI in Healthcare: How generative tools are transforming clinical practice

The future of automation: Machine learning–driven hepatocyte and organoid counting

Cytokines

Overview

Feature Articles

Inflammatory Cytokines and Depression

Cytokine Classification

Latest Cytokines News and Research

Redefining control and consistency in anaerobic microbiome workflows

AI in Healthcare: How generative tools are transforming clinical practice

The future of automation: Machine learning–driven hepatocyte and organoid counting

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