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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Causes

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which a baby does not grow normally within the womb, and the rate of growth is below the 10th percentile for that particular period of pregnancy. IUGR is often due to a complex mix of several factors.

16 Jan 2018

Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Management and Prognosis

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the baby does not grow properly during its time in the mother’s womb. It is due to a mix of factors including disease conditions in the mother, genetic defects in the baby, and poor placental growth.

16 Jan 2018

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Overview

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a medical term which refers to a baby who is not growing normally within the womb. In general, this label is for babies who weigh less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age, or period of pregnancy.

16 Jan 2018

Gut-Brain Axis and Obesity

Our knowledge of the ability of the gut microbiota to influence host health and homeostasis is expanding. Recent data indicate that the microorganisms present in the gut may be capable of directly (or indirectly) influencing the gut-brain axis resulting in changes in energy homeostasis, which may subsequently lead to the development of obesity.

15 Jan 2018

Gut-Brain Axis and Neuropsychological Disorders

Studies have shown that multiple neuropsychiatric disorders can be linked to modulations in the gut microbiome.

15 Jan 2018

Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Disorders

There is growing recognition within the medical and scientific communities of the link between the microbial composition of the intestines and the central nervous system. This is known as the “gut-brain axis” and encompasses bidirectional communication channels between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the endocrine system.

15 Jan 2018

Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Treatments and Outcome

Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN or PIN), also known as penile squamous cell carcinoma, is a premalignant condition of the penile epithelium. The most sensitive way of detecting PeIN is by applying acetic acid to the skin of the male genitalia. The treatment procedures for PeIN include topical chemotherapy, laser therapies (Nd:YAG, and Co2), cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical excision.

12 Jan 2018

Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Symptoms and Causes

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN or PeIN) is a treatable rare condition of precancerous lesion that affects the epidermal layer of the penis. Around 45-50% of penile malignancies are caused due to viral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV), of which HPV16 and HPV18 are major tumor causing agents. Non-HPV factors such as chronic inflammatory disease and lichen sclerosus can also cause penile cancers.

12 Jan 2018

Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Overview

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN or PIN) is a histological condition that is characterized by premalignant lesions on the surface of the penis. These lesions are mainly found on the shaft skin and on the prepuce covering the glans. PeIN may be categorized as differentiated and undifferentiated PINs.

12 Jan 2018

Passive Smoking Risks to Children

Passive smoking or involuntary smoking refers to the unconscious inhalation of smoke that emerges as a result of others burning cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. This inhaled smoke is also termed as known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or second-hand smoke (SHS). Mostly children are affected by passive smoking at a higher rate than adults.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias Treatments

Hypospadias treatment is classified into different types by its location and severity. Midshaft, perineal, penoscrotal, and glanular or distal hypospadias are the major classifications of the disease. These are related to defects like chordee and hooded foreskin that results in the lag of void standing and unsatisfactory erection during intercourse. Surgery is the only possible method, which is dependent on the location and severity of the defect.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias Research

Hypospadias is the inborn genital disease in male urethra commonly occurring in one among 300 live births. It is characterized as an obstruction in the normal development of penile in which an aberrant opening in urethra occurs anywhere along the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Depending on the position of the opening, hypospadias are classified as glanular, coronal, distal penile, scrotal, and perineal. Among them distal hypospadias is the most common.

11 Jan 2018

Hypospadias

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly occurring in male children where the external urethral orifice is not located at the tip of the penis. The urethral opening in this condition is usually under the penis or at the scrotum.

10 Jan 2018

How Does Alcohol Affect the Body?

Alcohol when over-consumed for the first time causes severe effects. Heavy drinking greatly affects not only the liver, but also many other parts of the body system.

10 Jan 2018

Health Risks of Alcohol Misuse

The term alcohol “misuse” refers to stages 3 and 4 in the pattern of drinking. In these stages, drinking begins to become a problem, and if the individual continues in the same manner, he is adjudged as misusing alcohol. Alcohol misuse has long-term and short-term impacts on all parts of the body.

9 Jan 2018

Health Risks of Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is the consumption of alcohol in large amounts in a very short time. It is normally described as drinking alcohol beyond the recommended levels of 4 units per day for women and 6 units per day for men. Drinking too much alcohol may be detrimental to health. In the USA, binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of the total alcohol consumed by youngsters below the age of 21 years.

8 Jan 2018

What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, also called perleche or angular stomatitis, is a common inflammatory condition of the angles of the mouth. It is found in elderly edentulous patients as well as those who still retain their teeth, or wear dentures. While it may occur without obvious cause, it is often more common among patients with oral appliances of any sort, very young children, and those who wear masks for much of the time.

8 Jan 2018

What is Angular Cheilitis?

8 Jan 2018

What are colony-stimulating factors?

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are intriguing molecules, which are glycoproteins that control the production and even some functions of granulocytes and macrophages, the immune cells that are primarily responsible for protecting the body against infections.

8 Jan 2018

Types of endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a term which refers to the overgrowth or thickening of the endometrium, the innermost lining of the uterus. It is usually thought to be due to increased growth of cells as a result of exposure to unopposed estrogen, which promotes the growth of endometrial gland cells.

5 Jan 2018