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Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis Classification and Causes

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) is the most common form of primary glomerular scarring. It typically involves segments of scattered glomeruli throughout the kidney and only few glomeruli are affected earlier during the course of the disease process.

18 Nov 2016

Depression in children

Depression in children is a mood disorder that affects a small, but significant proportion of both young children and adolescents. Up to 8 percent of teenagers and 2 percent of preadolescents are hit by this condition.

18 Nov 2016

Green Nail Syndrome - Chloronychia

Green nail syndrome is found in a disorder caused by the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the nail. It usually occurs when the hands are exposed to a moist environment on a long-term basis. It is usually found in association with chronic non-tender paronychia, manifested as thickening of the proximal nail fold without pain or tenderness. In addition, onycholysis of the distal and lateral parts of the nail plate is observed.

18 Nov 2016

Yellow Nail Syndrome

Nail abnormalities are often pointers to various systemic illnesses as well as local conditions. These manifest as changes in the color, shape and growth pattern of the nails. One of these is the yellow nail syndrome.

18 Nov 2016

Hürthle Cell Thyroid Cancer

Hürthle cell thyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer that involves abnormal cell growth originating in the thyroid gland and accounts for approximately 4% of cases of thyroid cancer. It is similar in some respects to follicular thyroid cancer, although they have a different appearance when examined under a microscope.

17 Nov 2016

Anencephaly - Abnormal Development of Brain and Skull

At every stage of fetus development in a pregnancy, care needs to be taken to monitor the growth of the baby. The neural tube plays an important role in the development of the fetus. As the fetus develops, the upper part of the neural tube forms the brain and skull, while the lower part becomes the spinal cord and backbone. Possible birth defects related to the neural tube may form in the fetus during the first month of pregnancy. The two most common birth defects related to the neural tube include spina bifida and anencephaly.

17 Nov 2016

Types of Spots, Pimples

Spots erupting on the face or, less commonly, on other parts of the body, are medically called acne vulgaris, or just acne. Acne is a physiological disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin. These units consist of a hair follicle and a sebaceous gland and are most numerous over the face, the chest, and the upper back. These are therefore the sites of acne in most patients.

17 Nov 2016

Acne Research

Acne is the most common skin disorder, with its highest prevalence in teenage hood and early adult years. It affects 80% of teenagers and adolescents, but is usually mild to moderate in its degree of severity. The physical consequences of acne are mostly minor, but it carries a risk of poor self-esteem and psychological distress which may not be seen as medically significant when considering its impact. Fortunately, these concerns are becoming increasingly recognized today.

17 Nov 2016

Acne and Self-Esteem

Acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin which causes breakouts, or spots, to appear on the body. The most common sites of acne are the face, the neck, the upper chest and back, and the shoulders.

17 Nov 2016

Acne and Make-Up

Acne is the most common skin condition to affect human beings. It is a disorder of the pilosebaceous units of the skin, which includes the hair follicle with its canal, and the attached sebaceous gland.

17 Nov 2016

Appendicitis in Children

The appendix is a vestigial organ left behind by human evolution. While the appendix has no specific function in the human digestive system, it is situated along the bottom right side of the large intestine.

17 Nov 2016

Nail Patella Syndrome Features

Nail patella syndrome is a genetic disorder which results in abnormal development of an individual’s nails, kneecaps, elbows and pelvis. There is a one in fifty thousand chance of a person being born with this disorder.

17 Nov 2016

Nail Patella Syndrome Genetics

Nail patella syndrome or NPS, is a genetic disorder passed down to children from their parents. It is usually present at birth and identified easily by a visual examination of the condition of the nails of the infant.

17 Nov 2016

Dehydration in Children

Dehydration is a state in which the body lacks its normal complement of water and electrolytes. Severe dehydration can lead to multi-system failure and death, and is therefore considered a life-threatening condition that demands urgent hospital treatment. Brain damage, convulsions, thrombus formation and death are just some of the serious complications of severe dehydration.

17 Nov 2016

Ataxia Telangiectasia Overview

Affecting the nervous system, immune system and other body organs, ataxia telangiectasia is characterized with uncoordinated movements of the individual suffering from this disorder. The secondary tell tale sign is the enlarged blood vessels visible under the surface of the skin like tiny red spider webs. They are predominantly visible inside the eye giving a red appearance to the whites of the eye.

17 Nov 2016

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Comorbidities

Primary adrenal insufficiency - also known under the eponym Addison’s disease - occurs when the adrenal glands situated on top of the kidneys produce inadequate amounts of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. Autoimmune destruction of the aforementioned glands is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in the developed countries, whereas tuberculosis is the second most frequent cause worldwide.

17 Nov 2016

What is Adrenal Insufficiency, Primary and Secondary?

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition that develops when most of the adrenal gland is not functioning normally. Primary adrenal insufficiency arises due to the damage of the glands or because of using drugs that halt synthesis of cortisol. On the other hand, secondary adrenal insufficiency stems from processes that inhibit the secretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the hypophysis as a result of a hypothalamic or pituitary pathology. The former is sometimes also referred to as tertiary adrenal insufficiency.

17 Nov 2016

What is an Adrenal Crisis?

Adrenal crisis (also known as the acute Addisonian crisis) is the most important – and potentially fatal – complication of hypoadrenalism (i.e. decreased activity of the adrenal glands). This condition develops in situations when marginally adequate adrenal reserve suddenly becomes insufficient to combat the growing needs for adrenal hormone cortisol during stress.

17 Nov 2016

What are Adrenal Disorders?

The adrenal glands are a significant part of human endocrine system, which is an intricate network of glands that produce interacting hormones. Those hormones are responsible for regulating a plethora of body functions, and can even affect other endocrine organs. For example, the adrenal glands are influenced by hormones that are produced by the hypophysis and the hypothalamus in the central nervous system.

17 Nov 2016

How is Adrenal Cancer Treated?

Following a diagnosis of adrenal cancer, there are several treatment options that may be used. Each of these techniques has unique advantages and disadvantages that will make it preferable for some cases and not others. As adrenal cancer is relatively rare, it can be worthwhile to collaborate with other endocrine specialists to discuss the best treatment options for the particular case.

17 Nov 2016