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Leptospirosis Epidemiology

The spirochete bacterium Leptospira is a very common disease-causing microorganism for both humans and animals. It can be an occupational or recreational hazard for those who come into frequent contact with the urine or urine-contaminated media (e.g., water, food, and soil) of infected animals.

22 Sep 2016

Leptospirosis Treatment

The Leptospira bacterial genus are responsible for leptospirosis. These bacteria can infect both humans and animals. Leptospirosis is one of the most common infectious diseases that can be transmitted naturally from animals to humans. Sources of infection are the urine or urine-contaminated media (e.g., water, food, and soil) of infected animals such as rodents, cattle, cats, and dogs.

22 Sep 2016

Leptospirosis Symptoms

Leptospirosis is caused by the Leptospira bacterial genus. These coiled, gram-negative aerobic bacteria are motile with hooked ends and paired flagella, which allows them to burrow into tissues. Both humans and animals can be infected by these bacteria. Leptospirosis is one of the most common infectious diseases that can be transmitted naturally to humans from animals.

22 Sep 2016

What Causes Leptospirosis?

Caused by the bacterial genus Leptospira, leptospirosis is a disease that affects both humans and animals, such as cattle, cats, dogs, and rodents. Sources of infection are the urine or urine-contaminated media (e.g., food, water, and soil) of infected animals.

22 Sep 2016

Leptospirosis Bacterial Disease

The pathogenic bacterial spirochetes of the Leptospiragenus are responsible for the infectious disease called leptospirosis.

22 Sep 2016

Beau’s Lines

Fingernails are mirrors of health and disease. They show several kinds of change, such as splinter hemorrhages or clubbing, which relate to specific illnesses. However, Beau’s lines are non-specific deep transverse linear depressions or trenches across the nails which occur in situations such as...

22 Sep 2016

Immunotherapy: Past, Present and Future

William Coley is the grandfather of immunotherapy. He developed extracts of bacteria to treat patients, particularly children, with sarcoma.

8 Sep 2016

History of Ophthalmology

The known history of ophthalmology dates back to the early days of written history, in which initial observations and speculations about the eye were recorded. Over the ages, the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the eye continued to develop, and several major breakthroughs took place. This has led to our present state of knowledge of the eyes and ocular health.

7 Sep 2016

Pediatrician: Role, Education, Training, Subspecialties

A pediatrician is a health professional who specializes in the field of pediatrics. Pediatrics is the specialty which involves the medical care of all individuals aged younger than 21 years. This therefore includes the medical care of all infants, children and adolescents.

7 Sep 2016

Subspecialties of Pediatrics

General pediatricians have an important role in the healthcare team. They provide medical care to infants, children and adolescents, up to the age of 21. Many general pediatricians choose to do further study in a subspecialty of pediatrics to gain specific knowledge about a certain area of children’s health.

7 Sep 2016

Congenital Birth Defects

A congenital birth defect, also known as a congenital anomaly, is a condition that is present at birth due to structural deformities in the development of a fetus. Common examples of congenital birth defects include congenital heart disease, neural tube defects and Down syndrome.

7 Sep 2016

Clinical Pharmacy

Clinical pharmacy is a branch of pharmacy that involves the provision of patient care with the use of medications to optimize the health outcomes of patients. This includes promoting wellness and preventing disease. The practice of clinical pharmacy embraces pharmaceutical care philosophy. Furthermore it combines patient care with specialized therapeutic knowledge about the use of medications.

7 Sep 2016

Allergies in Children

Although any child may develop allergies, some children are more likely to be affected than others. For example, children with a family history of allergic reactions are at a higher risk of developing allergies themselves, which suggests a genetic susceptibility.

7 Sep 2016

Hospital Pharmacy

Hospital pharmacy is a specialized field of pharmacy that is integrated into the care of a medical center. These include centers such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, drug-dependency facility, poison control center, drug information center of residential care facility.

7 Sep 2016

Nursing Career

A career in nursing is a suitable option for an individual who has good organization and communication skills and enjoys caring for people. To practice as a nurse, there are various education and certification requirements that must be met. These are covered in more detail below, in addition to expectations of workplace roles and environment.

7 Sep 2016

Ophthalmologist Education and Training

An ophthalmologist is a medical physician who has undertaken a specialization in the structure, function and health of the eye. This training allows them to perform complex microsurgery in the treatment of eye diseases. The essential steps involved in the education and training required to become an ophthalmologist are outlined below. Although there are some differences depending on the country of practice, the general training requirements are similar worldwide.

7 Sep 2016

Managing Choroidal Melanomas

Choroidal melanoma is among the most common tumors of the eye. It affects one of the most vascular tissues of the body. Its diagnosis requires an internal ophthalmoscopy as well as ancillary tests including fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography of the eye, and transillumination.

7 Sep 2016

$Types of Refractive Disorder$

Types of Refractive Disorder

A refractive disorder is an ocular condition caused by changes in the shape of the eye, which prevents light from being focused sharply on the retina, creating unclear images. The causes may range from congenital shortening or lengthening of the eyeball through variations in the shape of the cornea, to anomalies of the lens.

7 Sep 2016

Delayed Puberty

Delayed puberty is a condition that refers to the absence or late onset of sexual changes that usually occur at the age of puberty. In boys, delayed puberty is defined by the absence of testicular development by the age of 14. In girls, it is defined by the absence of breast development by the age of 13, or absence of menarche by the age of 15.

6 Sep 2016