Levels of PLTP enzyme in blood should be a consideration for potential statin treatment

In a patient study of over 1,000 individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), researchers have found that high levels of an enzyme called PLTP significantly increased the risk of heart attack in the subset of patients taking statins.

While follow-up studies will be needed to tease out the exact connection between PLTP and statins, this connection does suggest levels of PLTP in the blood should be a consideration for potential statin treatment.

PLTP (phospholipid transferprotein) is involved in the metabolism of cholesterol-containing molecules like LDL and HDL, and therefore has been associated with atherosclerosis and heart disease. The exact role of PLTP in cardiovascular health remains debated, though, so Axel Schlitt and colleagues measured PLTP levels in 1,085 patients with CAD and then tracked how PLTP related to clinical outcome.

During the follow-up period (~5.1 years), 156 of the trial subjects suffered a fatal or non-fatal heart attack, including 47 individuals who were taking statins (out of 395 total statin patients). The researchers found that in this statin subset, PLTP levels were a significant predictor of cardiovascular outcome. In the total cohort, PLTP levels and outcome were not associated.

So while the statin patients experienced a lower overall rate of heart attack (12% vs. 15% -though the researchers note it's not especially significant, statistically), some individuals taking these drugs are at higher risk than normal. Schlitt and colleagues hypothesize that the high PLTP levels may blunt the beneficial effects of statins, though additional studies will certainly be needed.