Genomic profiling could help provide targeted therapies for difficult to treat cancer tumors

Research from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey examining difficult to treat cancer tumors through genomic profiling shows that tumors with alterations in a signaling pathway responsible for cell regulation may respond to targeted therapy regardless of where the tumor originated in the body. The findings will be presented as part of a poster presentation by members of the Rutgers Cancer Institute Precision Medicine Program at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) being held in New Orleans next month.

Genomic alterations affecting the P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway are commonly seen among various cancer types (Kandoth, 2013). Through this research, Rutgers Cancer Institute investigators wanted to determine how comprehensive genomic profiling could be used in clinical care to identify alterations affecting this pathway.

Utilizing tumors from a genomic analysis clinical trial at Rutgers Cancer Institute examining rare cancers and those that respond poorly to standard care, 97 tumors with the P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway were profiled. Genomic alterations were reviewed by the Institute's molecular tumor board and recommendations for patient treatment options were made regarding genomically targeted therapies either already approved or used investigationally - including clinical trials.

Out of the 97 cases, 33 adult patients received therapy targeting the P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Tumors tested included gynecologic, renal, sarcomas, pancreatic, melanoma, T cell lymphoma, bladder and adrenal. Outcomes were available for 19 of the 33 cases. A clinical benefit or improved patient outcome of three to eight months was seen in seven of the 19 patients (37 percent) who received drugs targeting this pathway. The response was not specific to tumor type.

"We are re-defining cancer classification," notes Rutgers Cancer Institute Precision Medicine Director Lorna Rodriguez, MD, PhD, who is the senior investigator of the work. "Instead of focusing on where the cancer first originated, we now have an ability to drill down and further examine and identify potentially actionable genomic features within the tumor. This not only enables clinicians to rapidly employ tailored treatment strategies, but also provides for the development of future therapies in the form of new clinical trials," adds Dr. Rodriguez, who is also a professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

The overall precision medicine initiative at Rutgers Cancer Institute - including this research - is supported in part by a $10 million anonymous gift.

Other research from Rutgers Cancer Institute being presented at this year's AACR conference includes:
•Delivery of point-of-care management to patients with gynecologic malignancies using comprehensive genomic profiling
•Racial/ethnic disparities in ovarian cancer treatment and survival
•Metformin may function as an anti-cancer agent of pancreatic cancer via targeting RET signaling pathway
•Serum biomarkers of polyomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never smokers
•Short-term outcomes of abiraterone in community settings

Source: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey