Uniform picoliter volume droplets (picodroplets) may be produced with the use of microfluidic devices with accurate flow control and well-defined microchannel geometries. These picodroplets can be utilized as miniaturized “test tubes” for high-throughput bioassays.
Biomolecules and cells captured in picodroplets are able to be incubated, identified, categorized, imaged and dispensed in a high-throughput manner utilizing patented microfluidic designs.
Cyto-Mine® delivers an entirely integrated microfluidic workflow of single-cell encapsulation, incubation, assay, categorizing, imaging, and dispensing, with the ability to process up to tens of millions of single cells in one working day.
Restricting individual cells into picodroplets allows the application of a variety of novel bioassays and applications in cell therapy research, biotherapeutic discovery and development, immuno-oncology and genome editing.
Cyto-Mine® overview
Workflow
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Features
Integrated microfluidics:
- Utilizes microfluidic picodroplets
- Entirely integrated workflow
Single-cell secretion assay:
- Integrated single-cell secretion assay
- Validated for Hybridoma, CHO and B cells
High-throughput screening:
- Fluorescence-based categorization
- 10,000s to ~40 million cells per run per day
Monoclonality assurance:
- High-fidelity dispensing in 96- or 384-well MTPs
- Image evidence of monoclonality
Cell-friendly workflow:
- Greater cell viability
- Superior single-cell outgrowth rate
Designed for biopharma:
- Antibody discovery and cell line development
- Animal origin-free, single-use consumables
FRET assays
Using pairs of affinity probes, FRET assays can be utilized to directly identify the antibodies produced by a single cell. Antigen-specific assays can be applied with the use of a soluble antigen as one of the FRET assay probes.
Antigen-specific FRET assay for antibody discovery
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Cell binding assays
The Cyto-Mine® detection system is able to differentiate between co-localized fluorescence on the exterior of a single cell within a picodroplet and diffused fluorescence across a picodroplet. This can be utilized to precisely identify the binding of the antibodies to the membrane antigen of concern.
Mammalian display library screening
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Functional assays
Picodroplets offer a cell-friendly assay setting. Numerous cell types are able to be cultured in picodroplets for up to several days, enabling the use of Cyto-Mine® for cell engineering and various functional assays.
Cell culture in picodroplets
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Cell engineering and cloning
Experimental Procedure:
- HTC116 FIRE-line (Horizon Discovery) was engineered to receive the genomic insertion of the mutated GFP gene.
- HCT116 cells (3.5x105 cells) were co-encapsulated in picodroplets, combined with Cas9 RNP and crRNA1/tracrRNA complex 100 pM, ssODN 200 pM, DharmaFect Duo 0.4 μL/150 μL sample.
- Pre-produced picodroplets were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours to enable genome editing and GFP expression
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
CAR-T cell functional assay
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes secrete Granzyme B and Perforin when encountering a target cell instigating apoptotic cell death. A fluorogenic substrate (SensoLyte® Granzyme B Activity Assay Kit (Anaspec Inc.)) was utilized to detect the Granzyme B released by the CAR-T cells.
Assay principle
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Workflow
Image Credit: Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Download the full poster
Acknowledgments
Produced from materials originally authored by Frank F. Craig, Elena Shvets, Frank Gesellchen, Xin Liu from Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio.
References and further reading
- D. Josephides, et al., (2020) Cyto-Mine: An Integrated, Picodroplet System for High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis, Sorting, Dispensing, and Monoclonality Assurance, SLAS,
- R. Gaa, et al. (2022) Versatile and rapid microfluidics-assisted antibody discovery, mAbs.
- L. P. Pybus, et al. (2022) Coupling picodroplet microfluidics with plate imaging for the rapid creation of biomanufacturing suitable cell lines with high probability and improved multi-step assurance of monoclonality, Biotech Method.
About Fluidic Sciences and Sphere Bio
Fluidic Sciences develops transformative in‑solution technologies for protein interaction analysis. Its flagship Fluidity One‑M instrument leverages Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) to measure binding affinity, stoichiometry, size, and concentration without immobilization - directly in complex backgrounds such as serum, plasma, and lysate.
Sphere Bio is a brand of Fluidic Sciences. Its technology develops and manufactures single‑cell analysis and monoclonality assurance systems that enable researchers to find, analyze, and isolate the most valuable cells with speed and precision. Its proprietary picodroplet microfluidics and Cyto‑Mine® Chroma multiplexing platform power applications across antibody discovery, cell line development, cell engineering, and cell therapy.
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