Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is an organic compound with general formula C''m''(H2O)''n'', that is, consisting only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the last two in the 2:1 atom ratio. Carbohydrates can be viewed as hydrates of carbon, hence their name.

What are Carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are one of the most important food groups in the diet. They provide essential elements that the body needs for instant energy production and various vital functions.

Carbohydrate Monosaccharides

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Foods High in Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Structure

Latest Carbohydrate News and Research

Cutting carbs, not fat, may better control appetite in women

Research indicates low-carb diets may enhance appetite regulation and reduce food cues in women with lipedema, offering a dietary intervention advantage.

19 Dec 2025

School canteen meals fall short on nutrition and sustainability

An EHU study reveals that the food served to children in canteens exceeds fat, protein and sodium recommendations.

16 Dec 2025

Gut bacteria patterns differ in autism and siblings and link to social symptoms

This sibling-controlled East Asian study found that autistic individuals, their unaffected siblings, and typically developing controls differ in gut microbiota diversity and composition, with the clearest separation between autism and typical development. Specific taxa, particularly the butyrate-producing genus Anaerostipes, were modestly associated with social communication and internalising symptoms, supporting a gut–behaviour link without implying causality.

15 Dec 2025

Metagenomics reveals overlooked viral risks in treated water

Viruses are everywhere in wastewater treatment plants, quietly interacting with bacteria as sewage is cleaned and reused.

15 Dec 2025

Swapping high-carb snacks for tree nuts cuts food cravings in young adults at metabolic risk

Daily replacement of typical high-carbohydrate snacks with mixed tree nuts for 16 weeks reduced cravings for sweets and fast foods in young adults with early metabolic syndrome risk. This dietary swap improved overall diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index, without increasing body weight or altering short-term glycaemic markers.

14 Dec 2025

How ultra-processed foods shape Crohn’s disease risk and what dietary strategies can really help

This narrative review synthesizes evidence showing that higher intake of ultra-processed foods is consistently associated with increased Crohn’s disease risk, with mechanistic pathways implicating emulsifiers, carrageenan, maltodextrin, titanium dioxide, sweeteners and salt. It also highlights that minimally processed dietary strategies, including EEN and CDED, show therapeutic promise, particularly in pediatric Crohn’s disease.

11 Dec 2025

How specific foods reshape oxidative stress responses during and after high-intensity training

Carbohydrate-rich foods blunt acute oxidative stress during fasted high-intensity exercise, while polyphenol-rich foods accelerate early recovery by reducing post-exercise ROS. Findings highlight how nutrient timing shapes redox responses in sedentary young women undergoing resistance-circuit HIIT.

11 Dec 2025

What happens to your body during an ultramarathon? New study reveals key metabolic changes

This study tracked ultramarathon runners across 100 km, 160.9 km, and 230 km events to examine real-world metabolic, hormonal, and muscle stress responses. Severe energy deficits, muscle damage, and heterogeneous hormonal shifts were observed, with the greatest strain seen in the 230 km distance.

10 Dec 2025

Blood sugar migration to saliva fuels cavity development in type 2 diabetes patients

Individuals with type 2 diabetes often have a higher incidence of tooth decay, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

8 Dec 2025

Insect flour could boost gut health and cut environmental impact

Chitin-rich insect flours show promise as functional foods, boosting beneficial gut bacteria while addressing allergenicity and consumer trust issues.

3 Dec 2025

Why potatoes and grains can’t replace each other in a healthy diet

White potatoes are nutrient-rich, offering potassium and vitamins. Replacing grains with them may reduce essential nutrients like iron and folate.

1 Dec 2025

Fanconi anemia patients show striking metabolic differences

Experts at Cincinnati Children's have uncovered striking metabolic differences in people with Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetic disorder that causes bone marrow failure and dramatically increases cancer risk.

29 Nov 2025

Study reveals metabolic benefits of reducing ultra-processed foods in older adults

A controlled feeding study out of South Dakota State University shows that older adults who ate fewer ultra-processed foods naturally consumed fewer calories, lost weight and abdominal fat, and showed improvements in insulin, nutrient-sensing hormones, and inflammation.

24 Nov 2025

Ultra-processed foods make up one-fifth of Italian calories - here’s who's most affected

Italian researchers found that ultra-processed foods make up about 20 percent of daily calories in adults, with younger, single, and Northern residents consuming the most. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was strongly linked to lower UPF intake across all sociodemographic groups.

24 Nov 2025

Reduced ketone body metabolism may be key to impaired energy production in type 2 diabetes

The liver plays a central role in storing and supplying energy to the body. In type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, commonly referred to as fatty liver disease), mitochondria-the cell's power plants-cannot switch efficiently between fuel sources.

21 Nov 2025

Study shows how ketogenic eating improves hormonal balance in PCOS

The very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet leads to meaningful reductions in weight, visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and androgen excess in women with PCOS based on pooled randomized trials. Benefits appear consistent across studies, though high heterogeneity, short durations, and limited safety data highlight the need for longer-term comparative research.

19 Nov 2025

Blood group A linked to a higher risk of primary biliary cholangitis

Findings indicate blood group A elevates the risk of primary biliary cholangitis, suggesting ABO group analysis could aid in autoimmune liver disease diagnosis.

19 Nov 2025

Trial investigates how quickly human milk responds to common plant based meat swaps

Replacing beef with a plant based beef substitute for six days changed the fatty acid composition of human milk, increasing medium chain saturated fats and lowering key long chain polyunsaturated fats such as arachidonic acid. These biochemical shifts occurred without changes in maternal weight, appetite, glucose patterns or infant milk intake.

18 Nov 2025

Are mushrooms more than a low-calorie food? New analysis explains their hidden advantages

Whole mushroom consumption shows consistent benefits for cardiometabolic health, lowering triglycerides in self-chosen diets and improving fasting glucose in a single healthy dietary pattern trial. Early evidence also suggests increases in salivary IgA and possible blood pressure improvements, with no adverse biomarker effects reported.

16 Nov 2025

Dash diet cuts diabetes complications by targeting blood pressure kidney health and inflammation

The DASH diet supports metabolic health in people with diabetes by improving blood pressure, renal function, lipids, and modest glycemic markers while reducing risks linked to vascular and inflammatory pathways. Its broad nutrient-driven mechanisms also benefit related conditions such as neuropathy, PCOS, and retinopathy, making it a versatile tool for cardiometabolic care.

16 Nov 2025

Carbohydrate

Overview

Carbohydrate Monosaccharides

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Foods High in Carbohydrates

Feature Articles

Carbohydrate Structure

Latest Carbohydrate News and Research

Cutting carbs, not fat, may better control appetite in women

School canteen meals fall short on nutrition and sustainability

Gut bacteria patterns differ in autism and siblings and link to social symptoms

Metagenomics reveals overlooked viral risks in treated water

Swapping high-carb snacks for tree nuts cuts food cravings in young adults at metabolic risk

How ultra-processed foods shape Crohn’s disease risk and what dietary strategies can really help

How specific foods reshape oxidative stress responses during and after high-intensity training

What happens to your body during an ultramarathon? New study reveals key metabolic changes

Blood sugar migration to saliva fuels cavity development in type 2 diabetes patients

Insect flour could boost gut health and cut environmental impact

Why potatoes and grains can’t replace each other in a healthy diet

Fanconi anemia patients show striking metabolic differences

Study reveals metabolic benefits of reducing ultra-processed foods in older adults

Ultra-processed foods make up one-fifth of Italian calories - here’s who's most affected

Reduced ketone body metabolism may be key to impaired energy production in type 2 diabetes

Study shows how ketogenic eating improves hormonal balance in PCOS

Blood group A linked to a higher risk of primary biliary cholangitis

Trial investigates how quickly human milk responds to common plant based meat swaps

Are mushrooms more than a low-calorie food? New analysis explains their hidden advantages

Dash diet cuts diabetes complications by targeting blood pressure kidney health and inflammation

Flow chemistry, AI, and NMR: A next-gen approach to scalable API production

Digital pathology and the PathoVerse: A conversation with Dr. Singh

Bioprocess Efficiency with Cell Density Monitoring

Carbohydrate

Overview

Feature Articles

Carbohydrate Structure

Latest Carbohydrate News and Research

Flow chemistry, AI, and NMR: A next-gen approach to scalable API production

Digital pathology and the PathoVerse: A conversation with Dr. Singh

Bioprocess Efficiency with Cell Density Monitoring

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