The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a stent graft system that provides patients with small arteries the option of less invasive surgery to repair their potentially life-threatening abdominal aortic aneurysm.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a bulge in the part of the aorta that runs through the abdomen and divides into the arteries that supply blood to each leg. Over time, this bulge can become weak, and the force of normal blood pressure can cause it to rupture, which can be life-threatening.
Aneurysms can be repaired through open surgery or less invasively with endograft repair using a stent graft otherwise known as an endograft.
Endografts feature a tube typically made of plastic material that is supported by a metal frame or stent. They are compressed into a delivery catheter, inserted into the femoral artery of the leg and then threaded into position in the weakened portion of the artery where they are released. Once released, the endograft expands against the wall of the aorta to redirect blood flow away from the aneurysm.
Treatment with a stent graft depends on the patient's anatomy. A small number of people have blood vessels that are too small in diameter to accommodate typical endograft systems on the market.
The Ovation Abdominal Stent Graft System (20 millimeter diameter), manufactured by TriVascular Inc., is not only small in diameter but it uses a narrower delivery system than any other marketed endograft -- 4.7 mm in diameter compared to 7 mm in diameter for typical delivery catheters.
"The unique construction of the 20-mm Ovation system allows it to fit into a narrower delivery catheter than other endografts currently on the market. FDA's approval of this product will enable some patients with small blood vessels to be treated via minimally-invasive surgery who did not previously have this option," said Christy Foreman, director of the Office of Device Evaluation in the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
The 20-mm Ovation system, approved by the FDA on Nov. 1, differs from traditional endografts in that a portion of the metal stent is replaced with ring-shaped channels. After the device is in place in the aorta, the channels are injected with a polymer, expanding the endograft against the aorta to create a seal.
The 20-mm Ovation was approved as a Humanitarian Use Device (HUD), an approval pathway limited to those devices that treat or diagnose fewer than 4,000 people in the United States each year. To obtain approval for humanitarian use, a company must demonstrate a reasonable assurance that the device is safe and that its probable benefit outweighs the risk of illness or injury. The company also must show that there is no comparable device available to treat or diagnose the disease or condition.
The FDA reviewed clinical data from a study of the Ovation stent graft system, in which four participants were treated with the 20-mm device. The data were considered relevant in evaluating safety and probable benefit for the HUD.
Investigators monitored participants and conducted imaging studies at one, six, and 12 months looking for complications such as movement or kinking of the endograft, leaks in the seal between the endograft and the aorta, and aortic ruptures.
The FDA also considered data from a study of an earlier version of the Ovation that supported the stent graft's long-term ability to seal off an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Serious adverse events were consistent with other endovascular grafts and included blood and lymphatic problems, cardiac events, gastrointestinal problems, genitourinary problems, and pulmonary problems.
Investigators will continue to track participants for complications and adverse events for five years.
The FDA approved the 20-mm Ovation system for use in patients with iliac or femoral artery access of fewer than 7 mm and an aorta with an inner diameter between 15.5 mm and 17.4 mm. The 20-mm Ovation system is contraindicated for use in patients with an infection that threatens to infect the graft and in patients who have allergies to the device materials. The Ovation stent graft should not be used in patients who are unable to undergo the necessary preoperative and postoperative imaging studies.
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