Review highlights the evolution of research related to implantable brain-computer interfaces

A review published in Advanced Science highlights the evolution of research related to implantable brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs), which decode brain signals that are then translated into commands for external devices to potentially benefit individuals with impairments such as loss of limb function or speech.

A comprehensive systematic review identified 112 studies, nearly half of which have been published since 2020. Eighty iBCI participants were identified, mostly participating in studies concentrated in the United States, but with growing numbers of studies from Europe, China, and Australia.

The analysis revealed that iBCI technologies are being used to control devices such as robotic prosthetic limbs and consumer digital technologies. Although most studies reported outcome measures prospectively, these mostly related to device performance, with only 17.9% assessing patients' clinical outcomes. When clinical outcomes were assessed, these were highly mixed because of varied approaches in different patient populations.

Implantable BCIs hold enormous promise, but the key challenge is proving their effectiveness. In this analysis, we provide the most up-to-date estimate of global iBCI trial participants and examine which outcome measures are being used. These insights are used to offer concrete guidance for designing future iBCI trials."

Esmee Dohle, MB BChir, first author, Oxford University Hospitals, UK

Corresponding author Jamie Brannigan, MB BChir, of University College London in the UK and Mount Sinai Hospital in the US noted that the team has created the first global registry of iBCI trial participants, mapping which participants have been implanted, where, and with what type of device.

"There is now an opportunity for the community to provide feedback on this registry and for us to build upon this first effort," he said. "We believe this will enable the field to more easily track progress, avoid duplication, and align future trials with unmet clinical needs."