Prana's PBT2 effective in reversing memory, learning losses associated with aging process

Prana Biotechnology (ASX:PBT  NASDAQ:PRAN), a leading global developer of first-in-class treatments for neurodegenerative disease, has today announced the publication of an article in the peer reviewed Aging Cell showing the effects of PBT2 on neurogenesis and in reversing the memory and learning losses associated with the aging process, in normal (ie non transgenic) old mice. 

The paper, entitled “A Novel Approach To Rapidly Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline”, appears in the journal Aging Cell available now online. The authors were led by Associate Professor Paul Adlard, Head, Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health.

“It is very exciting to discover that PBT2 not only helps clear amyloid from the brain, but is promoting the birth of new nerve cells in a part of the brain that is particularly affected by Alzheimer’s disease, the hippocampus. This now adds to the predicted beneficial properties of PBT2 for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease,” commented Dr Rudy Tanzi, Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Vice Chair of Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Prana’s Chief Scientific Advisor. 

Age-related cognitive decline occurs in humans along with all other mammals. Data in this publication, describes how PBT2 reversed both memory and cognitive loss in aged mice. 

Previously Prana reported the positive effects of PBT2 on increasing neuronal number, synaptic density and up regulation of critical markers of synaptic function and plasticity in an transgenic animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as significantly improved cognition. These new findings are in normal old mice that have not been genetically modified and do not form amyloid. 

“In my view, these data help explain why other Alzheimer's therapies that solely target Abeta or tau pathology may, at best, be only partially effective. PBT2, by addressing metal induced oligomer formation, restoring metal balance in affected brain regions, and by promoting new neuronal cell growth, elicits a distinct set of disease modifying effects. Thus PBT2 may not only ameliorate Alzheimers pathology, but perhaps other detrimental aspects of aging on the brain”, concluded Dr Tanzi.  

Synopsis of the Aging Cell publication

Typically mice live for 24 to 30 months, developing progressive cognitive impairment from 16 to 18 months. Age related cognitive decline is associated with measurable structural and biochemical changes in the brain, which were significantly improved by PBT2. In the study 22 month old mice were treated with PBT2 for a total of 12 days.

PBT2 restored learning and memory. The old mice treated with PBT2 performed learning and memory tasks to the same level exhibited by young mice and significantly better than untreated old mice (p<.01 or better).

PBT2 Increases markers of neurogenesis and neuron number: 

          a)      Increased number of mature neurons by up to 27% in the hippocampus

          b)      Increased markers of cell proliferation by 67% and markers of numbers of immature neurons by 130% in the hippocampus.

          c)       Neuronal proliferation markers were elevated around the lateral ventricles by 214% (atrophy of peri-ventricular tissue is a feature of Huntington’s disease)

PBT2 increases numbers of synapses in the hippocampus:

          a)      Synaptophysin levels increased by 38% 

          b)      Dendritic spine density increased by 15% 

PBT2 increases glutamate receptor levels in the hippocampus:

          a)      NMDA R2b levels increased by 88% 

          b)      AMPA levels increased by 97%

PBT2 increases Protein Phosphotase 2a (PP2a) in the hippocampus:

          a)      PP2a increased by 22%

          b)      Phosphorylated Tau levels decreased by 81%