New microscope reveals how cells behave in 3D and real time inside living organisms

Astronomers developed a "guide star" adaptive optics technique to obtain the most crystal-clear and precise telescopic images of distant galaxies, stars and planets. Now a team of scientists, led by Nobel laureate Eric Betzig, PhD, are borrowing the very same trick. They've combined it with lattice light-sheet to create a new microscope that's able to capture real-time, incredibly detailed and accurate images, along with three-dimensional videos of biology on the cellular and sub-cellular level.

The work -- a collaboration between researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School -- is detailed in a new paper just published in Science.

"For the first time, we are seeing life itself at all levels inside whole, living organisms," said Tom Kirchhausen, PhD, co-author on the new study, who is a senior investigator in the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital and a professor of cell biology and pediatrics at Harvard Medical School (HMS).

"Every time we've done an experiment with this microscope, we've observed something novel -- and generated new ideas and hypotheses to test," Kirchhausen said in a news story by HMS. "It can be used to study almost any problem in a biological system or organism I can think of."

Seeing is believing: Here's what the new microscope can do

So far, the team has been taking a close look at developing zebrafish because the fish have translucent skin, making it easy to capture microscopic images of their organs and tissues in vivo.

Co-first author on the study, Gokul Upadhyayula, PhD, an instructor in pediatrics at Boston Children's and HMS, explained that zebrafish can be genetically modified so that human disease models can be studied. Already, the team has used the microscope to watch metastatic human breast cancer cells move around inside a zebrafish, revealing new insights into how cancer spreads through living tissues.

According to an HHMI press release, Betzig believes that adaptive optics is one of the most important areas in microscopy research today, and the lattice-light-sheet microscope, which excels at 3-D live imaging, is the perfect platform to showcase its power.

Without adaptive optics, sub-cellular microscopy is "just too damn fuzzy."