Structured support may slow weight regain after stopping GLP-1 drugs

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are effective treatments for obesity, but discontinuation is common due to cost, insurance coverage limitations, side effects, patient preference, and other factors-commonly leading to rapid weight regain. Results from a pilot randomized trial, which are published in Obesity Science & Practice, suggest that structured support may attenuate early weight gain after GLP-1 cessation.

In the trial, 39 adults with prior GLP-1-induced weight loss were randomized to usual care, a digital wellness application, or medically tailored meals at the time of GLP-1 cessation, continuing for 4 months.

Surveys showed that diet quality, perceived health, adherence, and satisfaction did not differ significantly by group, though some estimates suggested possible trends favoring the wellness application. Relative to the control group, the other groups experienced less weight gain. Over 4 months, participants in the control group gained an estimated 10.75% body weight, compared with 3.60% in the wellness application group and 3.58% in the medically tailored meals group.

People invest significant time and effort in improving their health and achieving weight loss. We need evidence-based strategies to support them if and when they discontinue GLP-1 medication, so they can maintain those gains and continue building long-term health, vitality, and well-being."

Kelseanna Hollis-Hansen, PhD, MPH, corresponding author, Tufts University Food is Medicine Institute